Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
FFMQPermission: Free for research use. Free for non-commercial academic research, with no licence fee. Cite the original publication.
A 39-item measure of trait mindfulness across five facets: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity.
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Reliability & validation
Subscales
Response anchors
Never or very rarely true · Rarely true · Sometimes true · Often true · Very often or always true
Known limitations
The Observing facet behaves differently in non-meditating samples and can correlate with maladaptive outcomes, complicating total-score interpretation.
Original citation
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504Questions researchers ask
What does the FFMQ measure?
A 39-item measure of trait mindfulness across five facets: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity.
How many items does the FFMQ have?
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) has 39 items across 5 subscales: Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-Judging of Inner Experience, Non-Reactivity to Inner Experience.
Is the FFMQ free to use?
The FFMQ is free to use for non-commercial academic research. You don't need to pay a license fee, but you should always cite the original publication.
Is the FFMQ reliable?
Validation studies report Cronbach's α of 0.75–0.91. See the reliability section for the population studied and full statistics.
Who developed the FFMQ, and how do I cite it?
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
Related scales
Library entry verified September 2026. Metadata is provided for reference; item wording is available inside Folio Surveyor, subject to each instrument's licensing.