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Papers on “epigenetics gene expression disease”

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  2. Epigenetic Regulations of GABAergic Neurotransmission: Relevance for Neurological Disorders and Epigenetic Therapy

    Shikshya Shrestha, Steven M. Offer · 2016 · Medical Epigenetics · 8,958 cites

    The GABAergic neurotransmission is a highly conserved system that has been attributed to various regulatory events. There has been a notable number of studies on the importance of GABAergic neurotransmission, both excitatory and inhibitory, in neurogenesis and central nervous system development including its control of neuronal cell proliferation and migration, synaptogenesis, dendrite formation and branching, and new neuronal cell integration in the adult brain. There has been remarkable progress in understanding the epigenetic regulations of GABAergic genes and their aberrant expressions in various neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, Rett's syndrome, schizophrenia and

  4. Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues

    François Aguet, Ayellet V. Segrè, Beryl B. Cummings, et al. · 2017 · Nature · 4,759 cites

    Characterization of the molecular function of the human genome and its variation across individuals is essential for identifying the cellular mechanisms that underlie human genetic traits and diseases. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project aims to characterize variation in gene expression levels across individuals and diverse tissues of the human body, many of which are not easily accessible. Here we describe genetic effects on gene expression levels across 44 human tissues. We find that local genetic variation affects gene expression levels for the majority of genes, and we further identify inter-chromosomal genetic effects for 93 genes and 112 loci. On the basis of the identified g

  6. Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins

    Mario F. Fraga, Esteban Ballestar, Maria F. Paz, et al. · 2005 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 3,641 cites

    Monozygous twins share a common genotype. However, most monozygotic twin pairs are not identical; several types of phenotypic discordance may be observed, such as differences in susceptibilities to disease and a wide range of anthropomorphic features. There are several possible explanations for these observations, but one is the existence of epigenetic differences. To address this issue, we examined the global and locus-specific differences in DNA methylation and histone acetylation of a large cohort of monozygotic twins. We found that, although twins are epigenetically indistinguishable during the early years of life, older monozygous twins exhibited remarkable differences in their overall

  8. Epigenetics in cancer

    Shilpa Sharma, T. K. Kelly, P A Jones · 2009 · Carcinogenesis · 2,608 cites

    Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Global changes in the epigenetic landscape are a hallmark of cancer. The initiation and progression of cancer, traditionally seen as a genetic disease, is now realized to involve epigenetic abnormalities along with genetic alterations. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome

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