Economics · Literature

Research papers on Remote work and productivity

Recent and highly-cited academic work on remote work and productivity, gathered from Semantic Scholar, CrossRef and OpenAlex.

1. Remote working: unprecedented increase and a developing research agenda

   J. Gifford · 2022 · Human Resource Development International · 98 citations

   ABSTRACT As we start to move beyond or acclimatise to COVID-19, a rise in remote working looks set to be the change in work practices most likely to stick long term. Specifically, a long-term growth in hybrid working seems inevitable. Pre-pandemic, work technology had already advanced considerably to enable remote working, but the lockdowns demonstrated that it is eminently feasible in many more jobs than previously thought and the demand from employees appears to have strengthened substantially. As a fundamental shift in how we work, there are implications for core HRD topics, including learning and development, organisational productivity, workload, effective communications and relationshi

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2. The impact of remote and hybrid work models on small and Medium-sized enterprises productivity: a systematic literature review

   Richik Maity, Khai Loon Lee · 2025 · SN Business & Economics · 21 citations

   This study undertakes a systematic literature review of the impact of remote and hybrid work models on the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises in the post-COVID-19 environment. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedure, data were collected from Scopus and Web of Science, resulting in a final sample of 12 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2024 that were studied across diverse global contexts. The review finds that flexible work arrangements generally improve productivity by increasing employee satisfaction, reducing commuting time, and supporting work–life balance. Hybrid models emerged as the most effective, as they c

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3. Towards a sustainable workplace: investigating workplace cyberbullying and its relationship with employee wellbeing and intention to stay in remote and hybrid work settings

   Nimitha Aboobaker, V. Shanujas · 2024 · International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management · 16 citations

   PurposeThe advent of information and communication technologies in workplace settings has broadened the range of bullying behaviours that can manifest in the digital realm. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the impact of situational factors on employees' perceived cyberbullying within the workplace framework. Broadly, this study aims to investigate the effects of workplace cyberbullying on employees' wellbeing at work and their intention to stay with the organization, across two groups of employees: those who work in a fully remote mode and those employed in hybrid work arrangements.Design/methodology/approachThe current descriptive and time-lagged study was conducted among a

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4. Hybrid Work Model: An Approach for Employee Wellbeing and Job Satisfaction in It Sector

   T. Naresh Babu · 2024 · 14 citations

   The emergence of the hybrid work environment, characterized by a blend of remote and in-office work, has revolutionized the traditional concept of work. While this shift offers flexibility and convenience, it has also brought to light a range of effects on employees' well-being and job satisfaction. “Indian tech companies have already started adopting new work models, which vary from completely remote (work model) to a combination of remote and on-site, to a completely on-site model. The present research investigates the effect of the hybrid working model on employee wellbeing and job satisfaction among IT employees. The factors considered for hybrid work model are work environment, flexible

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5. Work and non-work boundary management including remote and hybrid working

   Xi Wen Chan, Gail Kinman · 2024 · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · 11 citations

   The COVID-19 pandemic and the shift to remote and hybrid work arrangements have highlighted the importance of managing boundaries between work and non-work. The blurring of these boundaries, facilitated by remote work and technology, can lead to emotional, psychological, cognitive, and physical strains for individuals, and impair work performance. Research shows that employees’ preferences for segmenting or integrating work and home roles influence the effectiveness of the boundary management strategies they use. Segmentation preferences can enhance positive outcomes such as detachment, productivity, and wellbeing, while integration preferences can lead to exhaustion and work-life conflict.

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6. The Future of Work : Exploring the Impact of Remote and Hybrid Work Models on Employee Productivity and Well-Being

   Candra Candra, Joko Sabtohadi · 2025 · Brilliant International Journal Of Management And Tourism · 7 citations

   This study investigates the impact of remote and hybrid work models on employee productivity and well being, two critical dimensions of performance in the evolving landscape of digital work. Despite the increasing adoption of flexible work arrangements, research remains fragmented regarding their holistic effects. This study addresses that gap by examining how work life balance mediates and organizational support moderates the relationship between work models and employee outcomes. Employing an exploratory qualitative approach, data were collected through semi structured interviews with 15 participants from the education, technology, and finance sectors. Thematic analysis revealed five core

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7. Employee Well-Being in Hybrid Work Environments: Balancing Productivity, Preventing Digital Burnout, and Promoting Mental Health in the Era of Remote and Flexible Work

   Abdul Mateen, Rafique Ahmed Khoso, Waheed Ullah, et al. · 2025 · Inverge Journal of Social Sciences · 7 citations

   Study examined the impact of hybrid work conditions on employee productivity, digital burnout, mental health outcomes, and organizational well-being support among professionals across technology, education, and finance sectors. Drawing on responses from 320 participants, the results revealed that hybrid work significantly improved flexibility, focus, and goal achievement while reducing commuting-related fatigues. However, a considerable proportion of employees reported moderate to high levels of digital burnout, primarily linked to mental exhaustion, difficulty disconnecting, and reduced motivation for online meetings. Advanced analyses revealed sector and gender disparities in burnout, with

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8. Transforming Workforce Dynamics: The Role of Remote Work Flexibility, Technological Adoption, and Employee Wellbeing on Productivity of State Owned Enterprise Employee

   Asriandi Asriandi, Gabriel Amadeus Sitompul, Joko Sangaji · 2024 · International Journal of Business, Law, and Education · 4 citations

   This study examines the impact of remote work flexibility, technological adoption, and employee wellbeing on the productivity of employees in state-owned enterprises (SOEs). In response to shifting workplace dynamics, SOEs have increasingly implemented flexible work arrangements and digital tools, prompting the need to evaluate how these factors influence employee performance. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 400 employees across various SOEs in Indonesia. The analysis, conducted using multiple linear regression, revealed that technological adoption significantly enhances employee productivity, followed by remote work flexibility and employee wellbeing. Findin

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9. Assessing the causal relationship of remote work and employee productivity – a study of corporate Malaysia

   B. Lim, S. Ainin, N. Zakaria, et al. · 2025 · Cogent Social Sciences · 4 citations

   Abstract The rise of remote work (RW), accelerated by the global pandemic, has reshaped work dynamics, driven by technological advancements and a focus on work-life balance. The main aim of this article to study impact on RW on employees’ productivity. Empirical data was collected via a survey questionnaire on public sector employees. A total of 105 responses were analysed using PLS-SEM. Specifically, the study analyses the role of organisational support, technology availability (i.e. access to required devices and digital infrastructure for effective job execution) and employee wellbeing towards employee’s productivity. The study also analysed the role of socioeconomic (such as nationality,

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10. Influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on remote workers’ physical and psychosocial wellbeing and work productivity

    Yessica Abigail Tronco Hernández, Fabio Parente, Mark A. Faghy, et al. · 2021 · 3 citations

    Background: Imposed lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the living and working habits of millions, with potentially important implications for physical, mental, and social wellbeing.Objectives: The primary objective was to investigate the impact of the pandemic on remote workers not directly affected by the virus.Methods: This was a correlational cross-sectional study (with an additional qualitative component) of 184 remote workers surveyed during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Standard measures of mental health (Kessler-6), productivity (IAPT) and physical activity (IPAQ) were used, with respondents further surveyed on changes to their dietary, exercise, smoking, dr

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11. A review of literature on employee wellbeing in hybrid and remote workplace

    Namrata Kumari · 2023 · International Journal of Research in Human Resource Management · 3 citations

    Hybrid workplace is the new culture. It becomes very important to focus on the mental wellbeing of employees which is affected if factors like work hours, personal time, supportive environment, motivation are not present. The work performance of an employee working remotely or in a hybrid manner gets affected. The excessive use of new technologies and job activities that stretch into personal time define the remote working environment. Each employee is expected to manage various responsibilities while maintaining performance standards and personal welfare, yet without sufficient organizational support, individuals whether away rather than thrive. Technology advancements have led to change in

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12. SS60-04 FLEXIBLE WORKING - A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO ENHANCE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF THE WORKFORCE

    Shriniket Mishra · 2024 · Occupational Medicine · 2 citations

    The COVID-19 pandemic has radically reshaped our workplaces, with working from home and flexible work practices becoming more prevalent for office-based workers. Organizations worldwide are changing their policies and practices to include flexible work which allows employers and employees to negotiate working conditions that suit both, to support workers to maintain a healthy work-life integration, improving productivity and efficiency for businesses. Best practice approaches to flexible work arrangements should be or have: 1 - Customisable – e.g. work from home, other offices, on different work schedules and at different times of the day. 2 - Hybrid – conscious and considered d

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13. Employee Well-being, Remote Work, and Productivity in Hybrid Work Models

    Abubakar S. Sulaiman, Idibia Lawrence Onah · 2025 · Journal of Business Development and Management Research · 2 citations

    The global shift to remote work that began in 2020 marked an abrupt break from long-standing workplace norms, accelerating large-scale adoption of remote and hybrid models. This paper explores how these arrangements influenced employee productivity and engagement between 2021 and 2024, a period when many organizations aimed to stabilize operations after extended workplace disruptions. Using large-sample quantitative surveys complemented by detailed qualitative interviews across eight industries from manufacturing to creative sectors the study maps this transition. Findings indicate that most participants either sustained or improved their output when working from home, with particularly stro

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14. Impact Of Hybrid And Remote Work On Employee Engagement And Productivity

    Dr. Arvindh R · 2022 · 2 citations

    This study investigates the impact of hybrid and remote work arrangements on employee engagement and productivity in the evolving post-pandemic workplace landscape. Drawing on a simulated dataset comprising 150 employees from a range of diverse industries, the research applies a combination of descriptive statistics, inferential analyses, and multiple regression models to examine variations and relationships between work modes and critical performance metrics. The descriptive analysis reveals that hybrid work employees tend to exhibit notably higher levels of reported engagement compared to those working fully remotely. Inferential tests confirm that the difference in engagement levels betwe

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15. Challenges of Ensuring Labor Productivity in Hybrid and Remote Work Models

    Віталій Нестерук · 2025 · Economic Herald of the Donbas · 1 citations

    The article addresses key issues of work productivity under the implementation of hybrid and remote human resource management models, which are increasingly adopted amid business digitalization, global uncertainty, and changing employee expectations. It outlines the transformation of human resource management functions within flexible work formats and emphasizes the need to revise traditional approaches to performance evaluation, workload management, employee engagement, and burnout prevention. Special attention is given to psychosocial factors contributing to reduced productivity: fragmented work experience, loss of informal knowledge-sharing channels, declining trust, and weakened team ide

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16. Workplace Culture of Health, Remote Work, and Employee Wellbeing: A Mixed Methods Study.

    M. Marenus, Mary Marzec, Amy M. Kilbourne, et al. · 2025 · Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 1 citations

    OBJECTIVE This study explored the differences in perceptions of workplace culture of health, physical activity (PA), psychological wellbeing, and work productivity among three workforce settings. METHODS A mixed methods study design was utilized, including data from a questionnaire (n = 520) and from interviews (n = 20). Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and multivariate analysis of variance, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Onsite employees had higher levels of total PA than both hybrid and remote employees (p < 0.05). Additionally, hybrid employees reported higher levels of self-acceptance than both onsite and remot

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17. The Future of Work: Redefining Workplace Dynamics, Productivity, Culture, and Employee Well-being Through Remote and Hybrid Models

    Suraiya Akter · 2025 · Journal of Global Economy, Business and Finance · 1 citations

    The workplace has experienced a profound transformation, accelerated by the COVID - 19 pandemic and technological advancements. Remote work, once an exception, has become a permanent fixture for many organizations, while hybrid models blending in - office and remote work have emerged as a dominant trend. This paper examines the rise of remote and hybrid work models, exploring their benefits, such as increased flexibility, enhanced productivity, and access to global talent. It also addresses challenges, including maintaining company culture, managing employee well - being, and ensuring equity across remote and in - office employees. The future of work will likely involve continued innovation

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18. The Role of Work Models in Influencing Organizational Performance and Employee Wellbeing: A Comparative Study on Full-time, Remote, and Hybrid Paradigms

    Deeksha Sivakumer · 2024 · International Journal of Advanced Engineering Science and Information Technology

    Introduction: The study examines the evolving dynamics of workplace structures and investigates how full time, remote, and hybrid models influence organizational performance, employee well-being, and productivity. It also considers the mediating roles of employee engagement and digital collaboration. Background: Rapid technological advancements and global disruptions have accelerated the adoption of diverse work models. Existing studies highlight benefits and challenges within individual paradigms but comparative research across models remains limited. This study addresses that gap by assessing how leadership strategies, technology integration, and structural design collectively impact organ

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19. Microshifting: The Next Evolution in Work Design Beyond Remote and Hybrid Models

    Jonathan H. Westover · 2025 · Human Capital Leadership Review

    The traditional 9-to-5 workday is experiencing fundamental disruption as workers adopt microshifting—the practice of fragmenting work into flexible, non-contiguous blocks aligned with peak productivity, caregiving demands, and personal wellbeing. Recent data reveal that 65% of office workers seek greater schedule flexibility, while employees demonstrate willingness to sacrifice up to 9% of annual compensation for temporal autonomy (Owl Labs, 2025). This article examines the organizational and individual consequences of microshifting adoption, analyzing drivers including caregiving responsibilities (affecting 62% of employees), poly-employment trends (20% of workers), and productivity-trust d

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20. Remote and Hybrid Work After the Pandemic: A Narrative Review of HR Policy Design and Employee Outcomes

    Syeda Fatima Hussain, Mehmoona Akram, R. Anwar · 2026 · Journal of Management Research and Review

    The mass adoption of remote and hybrid work following the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a large and fragmented body of research spanning human resource management, organisational psychology, and labour economics. This narrative review synthesises the published evidence on how remote work policy design shapes employee productivity, engagement, wellbeing, and retention. Drawing on peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024, the review organises the literature around four policy dimensions: scheduling flexibility, performance management approach, communication structure, and wellbeing safeguards. Across studies, the evidence indicates that outcomes depend less on the presence of re

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21. Blurring Boundaries and Work-Life Integration: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Their Effects on Productivity, Life Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment

    Asa Sheila Amelia, Fauzi Ichwani · 2026 · Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Ekonomi

    Blurring boundaries between work and personal life have become a defining feature of contemporary work systems, intensifying through digital connectivity, flexible working arrangements, and the expansion of remote and hybrid work structures. This review synthesizes theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence to examine how blurring boundaries conceptualized as work-life integration shape employee productivity, life satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Drawing on boundary theory, role integration frameworks, and modern research on digital labor, the findings demonstrate that work-life integration can enhance productivity by increasing autonomy, flexibility, and reducing transition

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22. Setting Better Boundaries at Work: Practical Strategies for Maintaining Work-Life Balance in Challenging Times

    Jonathan H. Westover · 2025 · Human Capital Leadership Review

    This article explores how the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly blurred boundaries between work and personal life amid the rise of remote and hybrid work models, leading to dangerously high levels of workplace burnout that impacts both employee wellbeing and organizational performance. Drawing on research demonstrating the importance of psychological detachment from work responsibilities, the authors present evidence-based strategies for effective boundary-setting across different industries, including clear communication of expectations, mindful technology use, encouraging full utilization of time off, and establishing supportive workplace norms. By implementing these practices, leaders c

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23. The Effect of Sustainable Practices on Organizational Success and Worker Well ‐ Being

    Muhammad Ahmed, Fatima Farhad, Mehnaz Ghulam, et al.

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24. The Impact of Microbreak on Employee Productivity and Mental Wellbeing in Remote Work Setting

    Muneeb Shehzad Butt, Omar Ahmed Shaikh · 2025 · ACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences

    The swift transition to remote working has tightened the cognitive stressor and reduced the possibility of natural rest, creating the question of long-term productivity and individual mental health. Even though previous studies have accepted the positive effect of short breaks, only a small amount of empirical studies have concurrently studied the effects of productivity and wellbeing and explained the mechanism behind it in a remote work setting. The given research fills this gap and focuses on the effect of microbreaks on the productivity of employees and their mental wellbeing when work efficiency is considered as the mediating variable. The study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional

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