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Research papers on Statins and heart disease

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  2. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

    Fiona C. Taylor, Mark D. Huffman, Ana Filipa Macedo, et al. · 2013 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 1,934 citations

    BACKGROUND: Reducing high blood cholesterol, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in people with and without a past history of CVD is an important goal of pharmacotherapy. Statins are the first-choice agents. Previous reviews of the effects of statins have highlighted their benefits in people with CVD. The case for primary prevention was uncertain when the last version of this review was published (2011) and in light of new data an update of this review is required. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects, both harms and benefits, of statins in people with no history of CVD. SEARCH METHODS: To avoid duplication of effort, we checked reference lists of previous systematic reviews.

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  4. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults

    US Preventive Services Task Force, Carol M. Mangione, Michael J. Barry, et al. · 2022 · JAMA · 595 citations

    Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and death in the US and is the cause of more than 1 of every 4 deaths. Coronary heart disease is the single leading cause of death and accounts for 43% of deaths attributable to CVD in the US. In 2019, an estimated 558 000 deaths were caused by coronary heart disease and 109 000 deaths were caused by ischemic stroke. Objective: To update its 2016 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a review of the evidence on the benefits and harms of statins for reducing CVD-related morbidity or mortality or all-cause mortality. Population: Adults 40 years or older without a history of known CV

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  5. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults

    US Preventive Services Task Force, Kirsten B. Bibbins-Domingo, David C. Grossman, et al. · 2016 · JAMA · 589 citations

    Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for 1 of every 3 deaths among adults. Objective: To update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for lipid disorders in adults. Evidence Review: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults 21 years and older; the benefits and harms of statin use in reducing CVD events and mortality in adults without a history of CVD events; whether the benefits of statin use vary by subgroup, clinical characteristics, or dosage; and the benefits of various treatment strategies

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  6. Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults

    Roger Chou, Tracy Dana, Ian Blazina, et al. · 2016 · JAMA · 568 citations

    Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States, may be potentially preventable with statin therapy. Objective: To systematically review benefits and harms of statins for prevention of CVD to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE (from 1946), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from 1991), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (from 2005) to June 2016. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials of statins vs placebo, fixed-dose vs titrated statins, and higher- vs lower-intensity statins in adults without prior cardiovascular events. Data Extraction and Synthesis: One investigator

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  8. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases With Statin Therapy

    Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan · 2006 · Archives of Internal Medicine · 351 citations

    BACKGROUND: While the role of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) in secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality is established, their value for primary prevention is less clear. To clarify the role of statins for patients without CV disease, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Collaboration, and American College of Physicians Journal Club databases were searched for RCTs published between 1966 and June 2005. We included RCTs with follow-up of 1 year or longer, more than 100 major CV events, and 80% or more of the population without CV disease. From each trial, demographic da

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  9. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

    Shah B J Ebrahim, F. C. Taylor, P Brindle · 2014 · BMJ · 333 citations

    How safe are they?Use of statins by low risk patients has been criticised on the grounds that their benefits do not outweigh their harms 12 and debated. 13 14However, all cause mortality in people taking statins with no pre-existing cardiovascular disease is reduced (table⇓), indicating that any unintended life threatening effects are outweighed by their beneficial impact on cardiovascular disease, although this evidence is not strong. 15Earlier concerns about cancer risk are unfounded. 16However, other unintended effects

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  11. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

    Fiona C. Taylor, Kirsten J. Ward, Theresa HM Moore, et al. · 2011 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 305 citations

    BACKGROUND: Reducing high blood cholesterol, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in people with and without a past history of coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important goal of pharmacotherapy. Statins are the first-choice agents. Previous reviews of the effects of statins have highlighted their benefits in people with coronary artery disease. The case for primary prevention, however, is less clear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects, both harms and benefits, of statins in people with no history of CVD. SEARCH STRATEGY: To avoid duplication of effort, we checked reference lists of previous systematic reviews. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (

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  12. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults

    Roger Chou, Amy G. Cantor, Tracy Dana, et al. · 2022 · JAMA · 285 citations

    Importance: A 2016 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found use of statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was associated with reduced mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. Objective: To update the 2016 review on statins for primary prevention of CVD to inform the USPSTF. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to November 2021); surveillance through May 20, 2022. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials on statins vs placebo or no statin and statin intensity in adults without prior cardiovascular events; large cohort studies on harms. Data Extraction and Synthes

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  13. Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses

    Ting Cai, L. Abel, O. Langford, et al. · 2021 · The BMJ · 203 citations

    Abstract Objective To assess the associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and to examine how the associations vary by type and dosage of statins. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Studies were identified from previous systematic reviews and searched in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, up to August 2020. Review methods Randomised controlled trials in adults without a history of cardiovascular disease that compared statins with non-statin controls or compared different types or dosages of statins were included. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were common adverse events:

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  14. Comparative effectiveness and safety of statins as a class and of specific statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and network meta‐analysis of randomized trials with 94,283 participants

    H. Yebyo, Hélène E. Aschmann, M. Kaufmann, et al. · 2019 · American Heart Journal · 153 citations

    Background: The current guidelines of statins for primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention were based on results from systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that suffer from limitations. Methods: We searched in PubMed for existing systematic reviews and individual open‐label or double‐blinded randomized controlled trials that compared a statin with a placebo or another, which were published in English until January 01, 2018. We performed a random‐effect pairwise meta‐analysis of all statins as a class and network meta‐analysis for the specific statins on different benefit and harm outcomes. Results: In the pairwise meta‐analyses, statins as a class showed statistically significant risk

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  15. The importance of LDL-C lowering in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention: Lower for longer is better

    Omar Mhaimeed, Z. Burney, Stacey L. Schott, et al. · 2024 · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · 121 citations

    Cumulative exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a key driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. An armamentarium of therapies to achieve robust and sustained reduction in LDL-C can reduce ASCVD risk. The gold standard for LDL-C assessment is ultracentrifugation but in routine clinical practice LDL-C is usually calculated and the most accurate calculation is the Martin/Hopkins equation. For primary prevention, consideration of estimated ASCVD risk frames decision making regarding use of statins and other therapies, and tools such as risk enhancing factors and coronary artery calcium enable tailoring of risk assessment and decision making. In patients

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  16. World Heart Federation Roadmap for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update

    Liliana Laranjo, F. Lanas, Marie France Chan Sun, et al. · 2024 · Global Heart · 118 citations

    Background: Secondary prevention lifestyle and pharmacological treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) reduce a high proportion of recurrent events and mortality. However, significant gaps exist between guideline recommendations and usual clinical practice. Objectives: Describe the state of the art, the roadblocks, and successful strategies to overcome them in ASCVD secondary prevention management. Methods: A writing group reviewed guidelines and research papers and received inputs from an international committee composed of cardiovascular prevention and health systems experts about the article’s structure, content, and draft. Finally, an external expert group reviewed th

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  17. Use of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in 41 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data

    M. Marcus, J. Manne-Goehler, M. Theilmann, et al. · 2022 · The Lancet. Global health · 94 citations

    Summary Background In the prevention of cardiovascular disease, a WHO target is that at least 50% of eligible people use statins. Robust evidence is needed to monitor progress towards this target in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where most cardiovascular disease deaths occur. The objectives of this study were to benchmark statin use in LMICs and to investigate country-level and individual-level characteristics associated with statin use. Methods We did a cross-sectional analysis of pooled, individual-level data from nationally representative health surveys done in 41 LMICs between 2013 and 2019. Our sample consisted of non-pregnant adults aged 40–69 years. We prioritised WH

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  18. Intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering in cardiovascular disease prevention: opportunities and challenges

    C. Packard, M. Chapman, M. Sibartie, et al. · 2021 · Heart · 94 citations

    Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemia from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) were updated in late 2019 in light of recent intervention trials involving the use of innovative lipid-lowering agents in combination with statins. The new guidelines advocate achieving very low LDL-C levels in individuals at highest risk, within the paradigm of ‘lower is better’. With the advent of combination therapy using ezetimibe and/or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors in addition to statins,

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  19. Coffee or tea: Anti-inflammatory properties in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention.

    Stanisław Surma, A. Sahebkar, M. Banach · 2022 · Pharmacological research · 75 citations

    Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Inflammation and its biomarkers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), among the risk factors, such as hypertension, lipid disorders, and diabetes, may be also responsible for the residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Modern lipid-lowering treatment with statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, or bempedoic acid does not fully protect against inflammation. The recommendations of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) indicate selected nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties. Diet may have a significant impact on inflammation. Especially interesting in the context of inflammation is the

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  21. The Role of n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, and Interactions with Statins

    Julia K. Bird, P. Calder, M. Eggersdorfer · 2018 · Nutrients · 71 citations

    Decreases in global cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity in recent decades can be partly attributed to cholesterol reduction through statin use. n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are recommended by some authorities for primary and secondary CVD prevention, and for triglyceride reduction. The residual risk of CVD that remains after statin therapy may potentially be reduced by n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the effects of concomitant use of statins and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are not well understood. Pleiotropic effects of statins and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids overlap. For example, cytochrome P450 enzymes that m

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  22. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview of systematic reviews

    P. Byrne, J. Cullinan, Amelia Smith, et al. · 2019 · BMJ Open · 69 citations

    Objective To synthesise evidence from exclusively primary prevention data on the effectiveness of statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke, and outcomes stratified by baseline risk and gender. Design Overview of systematic reviews (SRs) using Revised-AMSTAR approach to assess quality. Data sources Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and PROSPERO to June 2017. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies SRs of randomised control trials (RCTs) or individual patient data (IPD) from RCTs, examining the effectiveness of statins versus placebo or no treatment on all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease, CVD (including stroke) a

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  23. Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

    Camille Michael Minder, Roger Scott Blumenthal, Michael Joseph Blaha · 2013 · Current Opinion in Cardiology · 67 citations

    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Statins significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with and without coronary heart disease. Recently, much debate has focused on use of statins for primary prevention following a class-wide safety label change by the US Food and Drug Administration amidst concerns of worsened hyperglycemia. Here, we review the evidence for statins in primary prevention and offer guidance for their appropriate use. RECENT FINDINGS: Two meta-analyses published since 2012 unequivocally support statins for primary prevention. Data from the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaborators demonstrated a 9% [relative risk (RR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-0.

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  24. Inclisiran: A New Strategy for LDL-C Lowering and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

    M. Albosta, Jelani K. Grant, P. Taub, et al. · 2023 · Vascular Health and Risk Management · 42 citations

    Abstract Multiple lines of evidence confirm that the cumulative burden of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is causally related to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As such, lowering LDL-C is a central tenet in all ASCVD prevention guidelines, which recommend matching the intensity of LDL-C lowering with the absolute risk of the patient. Unfortunately, issues such as difficulty with long-term adherence to statin therapy and inability to achieve desired LDL-C thresholds with statins alone results in residual elevated ASCVD risk. Non-statin therapies generally provide similar risk reduction per mmol/L of LDL-C reduction and are included by major socie

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