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Research papers on Coral reef bleaching

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  1. Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders

    Kenneth R. N. Anthony, David I. Kline, Guillermo Díaz-Pulido, et al. · 2008 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1,240 citations

    Ocean acidification represents a key threat to coral reefs by reducing the calcification rate of framework builders. In addition, acidification is likely to affect the relationship between corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates and the productivity of this association. However, little is known about how acidification impacts on the physiology of reef builders and how acidification interacts with warming. Here, we report on an 8-week study that compared bleaching, productivity, and calcification responses of crustose coralline algae (CCA) and branching (Acropora) and massive (Porites) coral species in response to acidification and warming. Using a 30-tank experimental system, we manipulat

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  2. Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985–2012

    Scott F. Heron, Jeffrey Allen Maynard, Ruben J. van Hooidonk, et al. · 2016 · Scientific Reports · 570 citations

    Coral reefs across the world's oceans are in the midst of the longest bleaching event on record (from 2014 to at least 2016). As many of the world's reefs are remote, there is limited information on how past thermal conditions have influenced reef composition and current stress responses. Using satellite temperature data for 1985-2012, the analysis we present is the first to quantify, for global reef locations, spatial variations in warming trends, thermal stress events and temperature variability at reef-scale (~4 km). Among over 60,000 reef pixels globally, 97% show positive SST trends during the study period with 60% warming significantly. Annual trends exceeded summertime trends at most

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  3. Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience

    Kenneth R. N. Anthony, Jeffrey Allen Maynard, Guillermo Díaz-Pulido, et al. · 2010 · Global Change Biology · 354 citations

    Ocean warming and acidification from increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 represent major global threats to coral reefs, and are in many regions exacerbated by local-scale disturbances such as overfishing and nutrient enrichment. Our understanding of global threats and local-scale disturbances on reefs is growing, but their relative contribution to reef resilience and vulnerability in the future is unclear. Here, we analyse quantitatively how different combinations of CO2 and fishing pressure on herbivores will affect the ecological resilience of a simplified benthic reef community, as defined by its capacity to maintain and recover to coral-dominated states. We use a dynamic community model

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  5. Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals

    Inga Elizabeth Conti-Jerpe, Philip Thompson, Cheong Wai Martin Wong, et al. · 2020 · Science Advances · 211 citations

    Ocean warming increases the incidence of coral bleaching, which reduces or eliminates the nutrition corals receive from their algal symbionts, often resulting in widespread mortality. In contrast to extensive knowledge on the thermal tolerance of coral-associated symbionts, the role of the coral host in bleaching patterns across species is poorly understood. Here, we applied a Bayesian analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data to determine the trophic niche overlap between corals and their symbionts and propose benchmark values that define autotrophy, heterotrophy, and mixotrophy. The amount of overlap between coral and symbiont niche was negatively correlated with polyp size and b

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  6. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching

    Paul Marshall, Heidi Schuttenberg · 2006 · GBRMPA ELibrary (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority) · 170 citations

    Scientists agree that tropical seas will continue to warm over coming decades, increasing both \nthe probability and severity of mass bleaching events8-11. These scenarios pose particular \nchallenges to coral reef managers, not the least because the main cause of mass coral \nbleaching–anomalously warm sea temperatures–is largely beyond their control.Yet, managers \ncan play a critical role in helping reefs survive the threat of coral bleaching. Managers are in a \nunique position to increase our understanding of the phenomenon of coral bleaching, to take \nmeaningful action during a bleaching event, and to develop strategies to support the natural \nresilience of reefs in the face of long-

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  7. Nearshore Turbid-Zone Corals Exhibit High Bleaching Tolerance on the Great Barrier Reef Following the 2016 Ocean Warming Event

    Kyle M. Morgan, Chris T. Perry, Jamie A. Johnson, et al. · 2017 · Frontiers in Marine Science · 165 citations

    High sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) during summer 2015/2016 caused extensive coral bleaching, with aerial and in-water surveys confirming high (but variable) bleaching-related coral mortality. In contrast, bleaching impacts on nearshore turbid-zone reefs, traditionally considered more “marginal” coral habitats, remain poorly documented. This is because rapid ecological surveys are difficult in these turbid water settings, and baseline coral community data from which to quantify disturbance are rare. However, models suggest that the extreme environmental conditions characteristic of nearshore settings (e.g., fluctuating turbidity, light and temperature) may ac

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  9. Atmospheric forcing intensifies the effects of regional ocean warming on reef‐scale temperature anomalies during a coral bleaching event

    Zhenlin Zhang, James L. Falter, Ryan Joseph Lowe, et al. · 2013 · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · 44 citations

    We investigate how local atmospheric conditions and hydrodynamic forcing contributed to local variations in water temperature within a fringing coral reef‐lagoon system during the peak of a marine heat wave in 2010–2011 that caused mass coral bleaching across Western Australia. A three‐dimensional circulation model Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with a built‐in air‐sea heat flux exchange module Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Experiment (COARE) was coupled with a spectral wave model Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) to resolve the surface heat exchange and wave‐driven reef circulation in Coral Bay, Ningaloo Reef. Using realistic oceanic and atmospheric forcing, the model predictions were in

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  10. Effects of ocean warming and coral bleaching on aerosol emissions in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

    Rebecca L. Jackson, Albert J. Gabric, Roger Cropp · 2018 · Scientific Reports · 31 citations

    It is proposed that emissions of volatile sulfur compounds by coral reefs contribute to the formation of a biologically-derived feedback on sea surface temperature (SST) through the formation of marine biogenic aerosol (MBA). The direction and strength of this feedback remains uncertain and constitutes a fundamental constraint on predicting the ability of corals to cope with future ocean warming. We investigate the effects of elevated SST and irradiance on satellite-derived fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) throughout the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR) over an 18-year time period. AOD is positively correlated with SST and irradiance and increases two-fold during spring and summer wi

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  14. Coral and reef fish community recovery following the 2010 extreme ocean warming event (mass bleaching event) at Thailand

    Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee, Sirirat Somchuea, Mullica Jaroensutasinee · 2020 · Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology · 11 citations

    Reef fish play an important role in the community dynamics of coral reefs and maintaining healthy reefs. This study aimed to (1) assess coral recovery at reefs around Racha Yai Island after the 2010 mass coral bleaching event and (2) compare the fish community indices (Shannon diversity, evenness) and fish trophic functional groups between low (Patok Bay) and high (Khonkae Bay) environmental disturbance sites during 2013-2019. The fish surveys and the percent live coral covers from both bays during 2013-2019 were collected using the fish visual census method and a permanent quadrat method along 50-m transect lines. Our results showed that the percentage of live coral cover at both bays incre

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  17. Bleaching of Coral Reefs Due to Ocean Acidification and Warming

    Keely Hall · 2021 · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)

    Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems in a multitude of ways. Consequences of greenhouse gas emissions, due to anthropogenic factors, include ocean acidification and warming. Under these conditions, corals are experiencing a reduction in calcification, loss of productivity, and bleaching due to expulsion of their symbiotic zooxanthellae. Coral degradation can collapse the entire reef ecosystem as reef fishes and invertebrates rely on reefs for habitat and food sources. Corals show variable responses and adaptation methods to bleaching. Over the past decade there has been an increase in the sea surface temperature required to initiate bleaching which implies that corals are likely alr

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