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Research papers on Surveillance and privacy

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  1. Using warping for privacy protection in video surveillance

    Pavel Korshunov, Touradj Ebrahimi · 2013 · 104 citations

    The widespread use of digital video surveillance systems has also increased the concerns for violation of privacy rights. Since video surveillance systems are invasive, it is a challenge to find an acceptable balance between privacy of the public under surveillance and the functionalities of the systems. Tools for protection of visual privacy available today lack either all or some of the important properties such as security of protected visual data, reversibility (ability to undo privacy protection), simplicity, and independence from the video encoding used. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on well-known warping techniques (common for animation and artistic purposes) to obfusca

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  2. General Data Protection Regulation—A Global Standard? Privacy Futures, Digital Activism, and Surveillance Cultures in the Global South

    P. Arora · 2019 · Surveillance & Society · 31 citations

    This paper asks the question whether current data regulations designed to curb digital surveillance are enabling for Global South activists seeking to create systemic social change in today’s data-driven societies. This text proposes five measures to answer this question and devise a decolonial pathway to improve the human condition, namely: a) Recognize the long legacy of distrust of the law among activists; b) Channel our energies more on local governance and less on (trans)national regulation; c) Shift focus from the individual to the collective rights approach; d) Attend to motivations for publicity over privacy; e) Re-frame activism from grand movements to everyday creative insurgencies

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  4. Digital Colonialism Beyond Surveillance Capitalism? Coloniality of Knowledge in Nigeria's Emerging Privacy Rights Legislation and Border Surveillance Practices

    Samuel Singler, Olumide Babalola · 2024 · Social & Legal Studies · 8 citations

    This article examines the impact of privacy rights norms and North–South technological diffusion on the development of Nigeria's emerging legal regime for data governance, and the relationship between this legal regime and the digitalisation of border control in Nigeria. We show that federal data protection regulations and border control technologies in Nigeria are not characterised by the extractive logics of surveillance capitalism, which is the focus of several contemporary critiques of ‘digital colonialism’. Nonetheless, the country's data governance regime and its digital borders have been shaped by Northern-produced norms, practices, and technical tools – interacting with the interests

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  7. Balancing data protection and human rights in the digital age: A review

    Srinath Muralinathan · 2025 · International Journal of Science and Research Archive · 2 citations

    The rapid pace of advancement of digital technology has tremendously influenced the manner of collection, storage, processing, and use of personal data. This situation brought to the fore concerns about data privacy, informational autonomy, and consequences for the fundamental human rights in a digital society. This review seeks to establish the nexus between data protection and essential human rights in contemporary times. It discusses the various international legal regimes and the effectiveness of the GDPR, particularly in the European context, in countering threats of excessive surveillance, unauthorized use of data, algorithmic discrimination, and infringement of personal freedoms. The

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  8. Data Protection Laws and Privacy Rights in the Digital Age: Legal Challenges and Emerging Frameworks

    Mandeep Kaur, Neha Sharma, P. Mehta, et al. · 2026 · Indian Journal of Law · 1 citations

    The scalding emergence of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, big data environments, and international data flows have completely changed the methods of collecting, processing, and regulating personal data. The paper will touch on the legal problems of the rights of data protection and privacy in a digital era, the transforming regulatory provisions, the ethical concerns and technological demands that are shifting its present day paradigm of regulation. It investigates tensions between innovation, surveillance, cybersecurity and individual agency and observes that the traditional beliefs of the law are failing with the algorithmic decision-making, biometric identification and the

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  9. Digital privacy and data protection in the age of surveillance

    Dr. Rajan Tiwari · 2024 · International Journal of Law Justice and Jurisprudence · 1 citations

    In today’s digital world, personal information is constantly being collected, shared, and sometimes misused. This chapter explores how digital privacy and data protection affect our everyday lives, especially in an age of growing surveillance by both corporations and governments. We break down how your data is gathered from devices and online platforms, who uses this information, and for what purpose. With privacy scandals and data breaches becoming common, this chapter helps readers understand the privacy laws designed to protect them, like the GDPR and CCPA. It also offers practical tips on how to safeguard personal data online, such as using strong passwords, encryption, and privacy-focus

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  10. From Crisis to Control: Amidst and Postpandemic Data Protection Concerns in Singapore and Vietnam through the Lens of Techno-Solutionism and Efficient Violation of Privacy Rights

    Vy Ngo Nguyen Thao · 2024 · Law and Development Review · 1 citations

    Abstract The success of Singapore with swift digital contact-tracing strategies inspired Vietnam to adopt similar measures, which both have raised concerns about balancing public health goals with personal data privacy. These approaches suggest a trend toward increased surveillance, citizen involvement in pandemic response, and enhanced government digitalization in everyday life postpandemic. This article examines the approaches of Singapore and Vietnam to data governance in the public sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, using the theories of techno-solutionism and the efficiency breach to assess how each country perceived and handled privacy rights during the crisis. The findings show that

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  11. DATA PRIVACY AND DIGITAL RIGHTS: PROTECTING PRIVACY THROUGH LAW SURVEILLANCE AND CONSENT

    Sijuola Atanda-Lawal · 2025 · International Journal of Security, Privacy and Trust Management · 1 citations

    In our increasing digital society, personal data has become a valuable commodity. The spontaneous increase of online services, social media, and connected devices has led to unprecedented data collection and processing. This article explores the evolution of data privacy and digital rights, examining key legislation such as the GDPR, CCPA, and NDPR, and analyzing the challenges posed by surveillance, consent, and data breaches. Through case studies like the Cambridge Analytica scandal and recent fines imposed on tech companies, this article further highlights the importance of data protection frameworks and the ongoing struggle to balance innovation with individual rights.

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  13. Indigenous data protection in wastewater surveillance: balancing public health monitoring with privacy rights

    Melissa L. Perreault, Lawrence D. Goodridge · 2025 · Genomic Psychiatry · 1 citations

    Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has revolutionized public health surveillance by enabling real-time monitoring of disease patterns across populations through analysis of community wastewater. This innovative approach provides precise geographical tracking of pathogen levels and disease spread by detecting viral RNA and bacterial DNA signatures. Beyond pathogen detection, wastewater analysis reveals comprehensive community health data, including human genomic information and biomarkers of prescription medication and substance use patterns. For Indigenous populations, whose communities often occupy distinct geographical areas, this detailed biological data collection raises significant pri

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  14. Digital Surveillance, Privacy Rights, and State Power: Rethinking Legal Safeguards in the Age of Big Data

    Awan Karunia Sanjaya, Ruruk Ronting · 2026 · Rechtsnormen Journal of Law

    Background. The rapid advancement of digital surveillance technologies in the age of big data has raised significant concerns regarding privacy rights and state power. As governments and corporations increasingly rely on digital surveillance to enhance security and gather data, the implications for personal privacy have become more complex. While legal frameworks have been established to protect privacy, they often fail to keep pace with the rapid technological evolution, leaving gaps in safeguarding individuals' rights. Purpose. This research explores the tension between digital surveillance, privacy rights, and state power, critically examining the legal safeguards that exist to protect pr

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  15. Privacy vs. Surveillance in the Digital Age: A Critical Study of India's Digital Personal Data Protection Laws

    Shivani X, Arti x, Avon Kumar Vaid · 2025 · International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

    : The accelerated digitization of governance, trade, and communication in India has led to the question of data privacy at the forefront. As the surveillance apparatus is made more advanced, the dilemma between national security and individual privacy worsens. In this paper, India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) is critically analyzed for its role in protecting personal privacy while providing room for state surveillance. The research analyzes the balance or imbalance between individual rights and state power, using legal, technological, and ethical perspectives. It also engages comparative international frameworks to place India's legislative response within wider priva

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  16. Evolving interpretations of digital privacy, free expression, and data protection within international human rights jurisprudence and governance frameworks

    Obioma Adesewa Okonkwo · 2025 · International Journal of Science and Research Archive

    The digital age has transformed the foundations of privacy, free expression, and data protection, prompting an urgent re-examination of their meanings within international human rights jurisprudence. From a broad perspective, the global expansion of digital technologies, surveillance systems, and algorithmic governance has reshaped how rights are exercised, restricted, and interpreted across jurisdictions. As governments and corporations increasingly mediate the flow of information, the boundaries between legitimate governance and rights infringement have become progressively blurred. The traditional human rights framework, conceived in an analog era, now faces the complex realities of digit

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  17. Digital Rights: A Critical analysis of Data Protection, Privacy and cyber law issues

    Aradhana Tripathi · 2025 · Aviradha International Journal of Law and Legal Studies (AIJLLS)

    People in the 21st century experience complete changes in their social interactions and business operations because of the digital revolution. The process generates enormous amounts of personal information which creates difficult problems that affect technology and legal matters and human rights issues. The research paper evaluates the present-day development of digital rights through its assessment of data protection systems and privacy matters and cyber law disputes. The study investigates different regulatory methods which include the European Union General Data Protection Regulation GDPR and various legal systems and new technological developments that include artificial intelligence and

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  18. Digital surveillance and big data: Balancing the rights to privacy and security in Kenya

    C. Khamala · 2024 · African Journal on Privacy and Data Protection

    : Education, personal identity and democracy fl ourish in private. Generalised surveillance of disenchanted groups stifl es them. Although the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights is silent on the right to privacy, Kenya’s Constitution expressly protects against surveillance abuse. Informed consent is required from data subjects prior to collecting or sharing their personal information. Yet, Kenyan courts have upheld laws and policies introducing generalised surveillance. Th e conundrum confronting Kenya’s judiciary regarding surveillance of mobile telephone data is: If counter-terrorism relies on mass surveillance, such policies necessarily violate privacy rights, in the guise of en

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  19. The Impact of Digital Surveillance and Artificial Intelligence on Privacy Rights, Freedom of Expression, and Human Rights Accountability

    Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri, Tauqeer Abdullah Khan*, Tajammul Azam Choudhry, et al. · 2025 · International journal of advanced social studies.

    The study examined the impact of digital surveillance and artificial intelligence on privacy rights, freedom of expression, and human rights accountability in digital environments. The rapid expansion of AI-based surveillance systems increased concerns regarding continuous monitoring, data extraction, and algorithmic profiling, which influenced individuals’ digital behavior and perceptions of rights protection. A quantitative research design was applied, and data were collected from a sample of 300 respondents, including students, professionals, and regular digital platform users. A structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used, and data analysis was conducted using de

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  20. Surveillance, privacy, and civil society: The struggle for digital rights in Malawi

    Jimmy Kainja · 2025 · African Human Rights Law Journal

    Malawi has recently introduced significant legal reforms, including the Data Protection Act (2024) and the establishment of a Data Protection Authority (2025), to safeguard citizens' digital rights. While these measures provide an essential foundation for data governance, their enforcement remains weak, and surveillance practices, such as social media monitoring and mandatory SIM registration, continue under broad legal exemptions. This article explores the relationship between communication surveillance, data protection and human rights in Malawi, with a focus on the role of civil society organisations in translating statutory guarantees into practical protections. Drawing on civil society

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  21. Personal data protection and digital privacy: regulation, rights and challenges in contemporary technological environments

    Tahiri Saad · 2026 · Tribunal de Justicia

    This article aimed to analyze the legal regulation of personal data protection and examine the main challenges facing digital privacy in contemporary technological environments, considering the regulatory, doctrinal, and technological evolution that characterizes the information society. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach through a systematic review with a narrative scope. Scientific publications, specialized legal doctrine, national and international legislation, and relevant legal instruments were collected and analyzed according to criteria of relevance, recency, academic impact, and consistency with the research objectives. The findings showed that personal data protect

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  22. Evolving Jurisprudence of Digital Privacy: A Comparative Study of Global Data Protection Frameworks

    P. V. Kumar · 2025 · Journal of Advanced Legal Studies

    The rapid digitization of economic, social, and governmental systems has transformed personal data into an essential commodity, raising complex questions about privacy rights, legal safeguards, and state obligations. This paper examines the evolving jurisprudence of digital privacy by conducting a comparative analysis of major global data protection frameworks, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA 2023), the United States’ sectoral privacy model, and emerging Asian regulatory systems. The study highlights differences in legal philosophies, enforcement mechanisms, and user rights while evaluating their ef

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  23. Evolving Jururisprudence of Digital Privacy: A Comparative Study of Global Data Protection Frameworks

    P. V. Kumar · 2025 · International Law and Justice Review

    Digital privacy has emerged as one of the most contested legal domains in the 21st century, driven by exponential advances in data collection, algorithmic processing, artificial intelligence, cross-border data flows, and platform economies. This comparative legal study evaluates the evolution of global data protection jurisprudence through an analysis of major frameworks including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023, the United States’ sectoral privacy regime, Brazil’s LGPD, and China’s Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). Drawing on legislative analysis, judicial trends, doctrinal interpretations, a

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  24. Exercising the Legal Right to be Forgotten: The Need for an Improved Data Protection and Surveillance Regulation of the Fast-Growing Digital Technology within the Global Space

    Afeimhoikike Oyaletor · 2025 · Commonwealth Law Review Journal

    It is the basic duty of nations to guarantee and ensure protection and enforcement of human rights through fundamental establishment of institutional legal frameworks to that effect. This study takes critical look at the efficacy of the available legal mechanisms on the practicability of the exercise of the right to be forgotten. The right to be forgotten is considered to have derived from the human right to privacy, having been established in the case of Costeja Gonzalez and thereafter codified under the General Data Protection Regulation. The right to be forgotten allows a data subject to seek the pulling down of any uncomfortable online personal data from search engines like Google and Am

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