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Papers on “opioid epidemic overdose harm reduction”

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1. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016

   Deborah Dowell, Tamara M. Haegerich, Roger Chou · 2016 · JAMA · 5,203 cites

   IMPORTANCE: Primary care clinicians find managing chronic pain challenging. Evidence of long-term efficacy of opioids for chronic pain is limited. Opioid use is associated with serious risks, including opioid use disorder and overdose. OBJECTIVE: To provide recommendations about opioid prescribing for primary care clinicians treating adult patients with chronic pain outside of active cancer treatment, palliative care, and end-of-life care. PROCESS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated a 2014 systematic review on effectiveness and risks of opioids and conducted a supplemental review on benefits and harms, values and preferences, and costs. CDC used the Grading of Recom

2. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016

   Deborah Dowell, Tamara M. Haegerich, Roger Chou · 2016 · MMWR Recommendations and Reports · 2,721 cites

   This guideline provides recommendations for primary care clinicians who are prescribing opioids for chronic pain outside of active cancer treatment, palliative care, and end-of-life care. The guideline addresses 1) when to initiate or continue opioids for chronic pain; 2) opioid selection, dosage, duration, follow-up, and discontinuation; and 3) assessing risk and addressing harms of opioid use. CDC developed the guideline using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, and recommendations are made on the basis of a systematic review of the scientific evidence while considering benefits and harms, values and preferences, and resource allocation

3. Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2010–2015

   Rose Anne Rudd, Puja Seth, Felicita David, et al. · 2016 · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · 2,230 cites

   The U.S. opioid epidemic is continuing, and drug overdose deaths nearly tripled during 1999-2014. Among 47,055 drug overdose deaths that occurred in 2014 in the United States, 28,647 (60.9%) involved an opioid (1). Illicit opioids are contributing to the increase in opioid overdose deaths (2,3). In an effort to target prevention strategies to address the rapidly changing epidemic, CDC examined overall drug overdose death rates during 2010-2015 and opioid overdose death rates during 2014-2015 by subcategories (natural/semisynthetic opioids, methadone, heroin, and synthetic opioids other than methadone).* Rates were stratified by demographics, region, and by 28 states with high quality reporti

4. Increases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths — United States, 2000–2014

   Rose Anne Rudd, Noah Aleshire, Jon E. Zibbell, et al. · 2015 · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · 1,894 cites

   The United States is experiencing an epidemic of drug overdose (poisoning) deaths. Since 2000, the rate of deaths from drug overdoses has increased 137%, including a 200% increase in the rate of overdose deaths involving opioids (opioid pain relievers and heroin). CDC analyzed recent multiple cause-of-death mortality data to examine current trends and characteristics of drug overdose deaths, including the types of opioids associated with drug overdose deaths. During 2014, a total of 47,055 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States, representing a 1-year increase of 6.5%, from 13.8 per 100,000 persons in 2013 to 14.7 per 100,000 persons in 2014. The rate of drug overdose deaths incre

5. CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain — United States, 2022

   Deborah Dowell, Kathleen R. Ragan, Christopher McCall Jones, et al. · 2022 · MMWR Recommendations and Reports · 1,839 cites

   This guideline provides recommendations for clinicians providing pain care, including those prescribing opioids, for outpatients aged ≥18 years.It updates the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain -United States, 2016 (MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65[No.RR-1]:1-49) and includes recommendations for managing acute (duration of <1 month), subacute (duration of 1-3 months), and chronic (duration of >3 months) pain.The recommendations do not apply to pain related to sickle cell disease or cancer or to patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care.The guideline addresses the following four areas: 1) determining whether or not to initiate opioids for pain, 2) selecting opioids and dete

6. Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2013–2017

   Lawrence Scholl, Puja Seth, Mbabazi Kariisa, et al. · 2018 · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · 1,766 cites

   however, analysis of final data from 2018 is necessary for confirmation. More timely and comprehensive surveillance data are essential to inform efforts to prevent and respond to opioid overdoses; intensified prevention and response measures are urgently needed to curb deaths involving prescription and illicit opioids, specifically IMF.

7. The Prescription Opioid and Heroin Crisis: A Public Health Approach to an Epidemic of Addiction

   Andrew Kolodny, David T. Courtwright, Catherine S. Hwang, et al. · 2015 · Annual Review of Public Health · 1,411 cites

   Public health authorities have described, with growing alarm, an unprecedented increase in morbidity and mortality associated with use of opioid pain relievers (OPRs). Efforts to address the opioid crisis have focused mainly on reducing nonmedical OPR use. Too often overlooked, however, is the need for preventing and treating opioid addiction, which occurs in both medical and nonmedical OPR users. Overprescribing of OPRs has led to a sharp increase in the prevalence of opioid addiction, which in turn has been associated with a rise in overdose deaths and heroin use. A multifaceted public health approach that utilizes primary, secondary, and tertiary opioid addiction prevention strategies is

8. Trends and Geographic Patterns in Drug and Synthetic Opioid Overdose Deaths — United States, 2013–2019

   Christine L. Mattson, Lauren J. Tanz, Kelly Quinn, et al. · 2021 · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · 1,089 cites

   Deaths involving synthetic opioids other than methadone (synthetic opioids), which largely consist of illicitly manufactured fentanyl; psychostimulants with abuse potential (e.g., methamphetamine); and cocaine have increased in recent years, particularly since 2013 (1,2). In 2019, a total of 70,630 drug overdose deaths occurred, corresponding to an age-adjusted rate of 21.6 per 100,000 population and a 4.3% increase from the 2018 rate (20.7) (3). CDC analyzed trends in age-adjusted overdose death rates involving synthetic opioids, psychostimulants, cocaine, heroin, and prescription opioids during 2013-2019, as well as geographic patterns in synthetic opioid- and psychostimulant-involved deat