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Papers on “placebo effect mechanisms clinical trials”

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  3. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in Pregnancy on Postpartum Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial

    R. Slykerman, Fiona Hood, K. Wickens, et al. · 2017 · EBioMedicine · 359 cites

    Background Probiotics may help to prevent symptoms of anxiety and depression through several putative mechanisms. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) given in pregnancy and postpartum on symptoms of maternal depression and anxiety in the postpartum period. This was a secondary outcome, the primary outcome being eczema in the offspring at 12 months of age. Design, Setting, Participants A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of HN001 on postnatal mood was conducted in 423 women in Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand. Women were recruited at 14–16 weeks gestation. Intervention Women were randomised to r

  5. Psychobiological Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Effects: Pathways to Improve Treatments and Reduce Side Effects.

    K. Petrie, W. Rief · 2019 · Annual review of psychology · 269 cites

    Placebo effects constitute a major part of treatment success in medical interventions. The nocebo effect also has a major impact, as it accounts for a significant proportion of the reported side effects for many treatments. Historically, clinical trials have aimed to reduce placebo effects; however, currently, there is interest in optimizing placebo effects to improve existing treatments and in examining ways to minimize nocebo effects to improve clinical outcome. To achieve these aims, a better understanding of the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of the placebo and nocebo response is required. This review discusses the impact of the placebo and nocebo response in health care. W

  6. The Placebo Effect in Pain Therapies

    L. Colloca · 2018 · Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 230 cites

    Pharmacological strategies for pain management have primarily focused on dampening ascending neurotransmission and on opioid receptor-mediated therapies. Little is known about the contribution of endogenous descending modulatory systems to clinical pain outcomes and why some patients are mildly affected while others suffer debilitating pain-induced dysfunctions. Placebo effects that arise from patients’ positive expectancies and the underlying endogenous modulatory mechanisms may in part account for the variability in pain experience and severity, adherence to treatment, distinct coping strategies, and chronicity. Expectancy-induced analgesia and placebo effects in general have emerged as us

  7. Patient Expectancy as a Mediator of Placebo Effects in Antidepressant Clinical Trials

    Bret R. Rutherford, M. Wall, Patrick J. Brown, et al. · 2016 · The American journal of psychiatry · 153 cites

    Objective Causes of placebo effects in antidepressant trials have been inferred from observational studies and meta-analyses, but their mechanisms have not been directly established. The goal of this study was to examine in a prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) whether patient expectancy mediates placebo effects in antidepressant studies. Method Adult outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were randomized to Open or Placebo-controlled citalopram treatment. Following measurement of pre- and post-randomization expectancy, subjects were treated with citalopram or placebo for 8 weeks. Independent samples t tests determined whether patient expectancy differed between the Open

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