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Research papers on The search for dark matter

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  1. Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant

    Adam G. Riess, A. V. Filippenko, P. Challis, et al. · 1998 · The Astronomical Journal · 19,560 citations

    We present spectral and photometric observations of 10 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the redshift range 0.16 z 0.62. The luminosity distances of these objects are determined by methods that employ relations between SN Ia luminosity and light curve shape. Combined with previous data from our High-z Supernova Search Team and recent results by Riess et al., this expanded set of 16 high-redshift M \ 1) methods. We estimate the dynamical age of the universe to be 14.2 ^1.7 Gyr including systematic uncertainties in the current Cepheid distance scale. We estimate the likely e ect of several sources of systematic error, including progenitor and metallicity evolution, extinction, sample selection bi

  2. <i>Planck</i> 2018 results

    N. Aghanim, Y. Akrami, M. Ashdown, et al. · 2020 · Astronomy and Astrophysics · 14,261 citations

    We present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction. Compared to the 2015 results, improved measurements of large-scale polarization allow the reionization optical depth to be measured with higher precision, leading to significant gains in the precision of other correlated parameters. Improved modelling of the small-scale polarization leads to more robust constraints on many parameters, with residual modelling uncertainties estimated to affect them only at the 0.5 σ level. We find good consistency with the

  3. <i>Planck</i>2015 results

    P. A. R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Arnaud, et al. · 2016 · Astronomy and Astrophysics · 10,689 citations

    We present results based on full-mission Planck observations of temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB. These data are consistent with the six-parameter inflationary LCDM cosmology. From the Planck temperature and lensing data, for this cosmology we find a Hubble constant, H0= (67.8 +/- 0.9) km/s/Mpc, a matter density parameter Omega_m = 0.308 +/- 0.012 and a scalar spectral index with n_s = 0.968 +/- 0.006. (We quote 68% errors on measured parameters and 95% limits on other parameters.) Combined with Planck temperature and lensing data, Planck LFI polarization measurements lead to a reionization optical depth of tau = 0.066 +/- 0.016. Combining Planck with other astrophysical

  4. <i>Planck</i>2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters

    P. A. R. Ade, N. Aghanim, C. Armitage-Caplan, et al. · 2014 · Astronomy and Astrophysics · 6,582 citations

    This paper presents the first cosmological results based on Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and lensing-potential power spectra. We find that the Planck spectra at high multipoles ( > 40) are extremely well described by the standard spatiallyflat six-parameter CDM cosmology with a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations. Within the context of this cosmology, the Planck data determine the cosmological parameters to high precision: the angular size of the sound horizon at recombination, the physical densities of baryons and cold dark matter, and the scalar spectral index are estimated to be * = (1.04147 0.00062) 10 -2 , b h 2 = 0.02205 0.00

  5. The cosmological constant and dark energy

    P. J. E. Peebles, Bharat Ratra · 2003 · Reviews of Modern Physics · 5,257 citations

    Physics welcomes the idea that space contains energy whose gravitational effect approximates that of Einstein's cosmological constant, \ensuremath{\Lambda}; today the concept is termed dark energy or quintessence. Physics also suggests that dark energy could be dynamical, allowing for the arguably appealing picture of an evolving dark-energy density approaching its natural value, zero, and small now because the expanding universe is old. This would alleviate the classical problem of the curious energy scale of a millielectron volt associated with a constant \ensuremath{\Lambda}. Dark energy may have been detected by recent cosmological tests. These tests make a good scientific case for the c

  7. Axion cosmology

    David J. E. Marsh · 2016 · Physics Reports · 1,978 citations

  8. Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter

    Lam Hui, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Scott Tremaine, et al. · 2017 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · 1,707 citations

    Many aspects of the large-scale structure of the Universe can be described successfully using cosmological models in which $27\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%$ of the critical mass-energy density consists of cold dark matter (CDM). However, few---if any---of the predictions of CDM models have been successful on scales of $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kpc}$ or less. This lack of success is usually explained by the difficulty of modeling baryonic physics (star formation, supernova and black-hole feedback, etc.). An intriguing alternative to CDM is that the dark matter is an extremely light ($m\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$) boson having a de Br

  9. History of dark matter

    Gianfranco Bertone, Dan Hooper · 2018 · Reviews of Modern Physics · 1,219 citations

    The standard model of modern cosmology is unthinkable without dark matter, although direct detections are still missing. A broad perspective of how dark matter was postulated and became accepted is presented, from prehistory, over observations of galaxy clusters, galaxy rotation curves, the search for baryonic dark matter, possible alternative explanations via modified gravity, up to the hunt for dark matter particles. The interplay is described between observational discoveries and theoretical arguments which led finally to the adoption of this paradigm.

  10. Non-baryonic dark matter: observational evidence and detection methods

    Lars Bergström · 2000 · Reports on Progress in Physics · 912 citations

    The evidence for the existence of dark matter in the universe is reviewed. Ageneral picture emerges, where both baryonic and non-baryonic dark matter isneeded to explain current observations. In particular, a wealth ofobservational information points to the existence of a non-baryonic component,contributing between around 20 and 40 percent of the critical mass densityneeded to make the universe geometrically flat on large scales. In addition, aneven larger contribution from vacuum energy (or cosmological constant) isindicated by recent observations. To the theoretically favoured particlecandidates for non-baryonic dark matter belong axions, supersymmetricparticles, and of less importance, ma

  11. Particle dark matter : observations, models and searches

    Gianfranco Bertone · 2010 · 512 citations

    Dark matter is among the most important open problems in modern physics. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this book describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Featuring contributions from 48 leading theorists and experimentalists, it presents many aspects, from astrophysical observations to particle physics candidates, and from the prospects for detection at colliders to direct and indirect searches. The book introduces observational evidence for dark matter along with a detailed discussion of the state-of-the-art of numerical simulations and alternative explanations in terms of modified gravity. I

  16. Optimal celestial bodies for dark matter detection

    Rebecca K. Leane, Joshua Tong · 2024 · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · 15 citations

    Abstract A wide variety of celestial bodies have been considered as dark matter detectors. Which stands the best chance of delivering the discovery of dark matter? Which is the most powerful dark matter detector? We investigate a range of objects, including the Sun, Earth, Jupiter, Brown Dwarfs, White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Stellar populations, and Exoplanets. We quantify how different objects are optimal dark matter detectors in different regimes by deconstructing some of the in-built assumptions in these search sensitivities, including observation potential and particle model assumptions. We find new constraints and future sensitivities across a range of dark m

  18. Cosmology and the dark matter frontier

    L. Bergström · 2013 · Physica Scripta · 6 citations

    A brief overview is given about some issues in current astroparticle physics, focusing on the dark matter (DM) problem, where the connection to Large Hadron Collider (LHC) physics is particularly strong. New data from the Planck satellite has made the evidence in favour of the existence of DM even stronger. The favourite, though not the only, candidates for cosmological DM, weakly interacting massive particles, are being probed by a variety of experiments—direct detection through scattering in terrestrial detectors, indirect detection by observing products of annihilation of DM in the Galaxy and finally searches at accelerators such as the LHC. The field is in the interesting situation that

  20. When backgrounds become signals: neutrino interactions in xenon-based dark matter detectors

    M. Atzori Corona, M. Cadeddu, N. Cargioli, et al. · 2025 · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · 4 citations

    Direct detection dark matter experiments have proven to be compelling probes for studying low-energy neutrino interactions with both nuclei and atomic electrons, offering complementary information to accelerator and reactor-based neutrino experiments. Recently, the XENONnT and PandaX-4T collaborations reported the first evidence of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering from 8B solar neutrinos. Thanks to their excellent background rejection capabilities and distinctive signal signatures, dual-phase time projection chambers are also sensitive to pp solar neutrinos via their elastic scattering off atomic electrons in the target material. Although this signal is subdominant within the Sta

  21. 2024 TASI Lectures: A Dark Matter Primer

    T. Yu · 2025 · 4 citations

    These notes are based on a sequence of 4 lectures delivered at the 2024 Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI) and at the Universit\`a degli Studi di Padova. They are intended for graduate students at the early stages of their study of dark matter with some prior exposure to cosmology and quantum field theory. The primary aim is to offer an accessible introduction to dark matter and to lay the groundwork for exploring its phenomenology. These lectures are not intended to serve as a comprehensive review. We begin by motivating the study of dark matter through a discussion of the empirical evidence and the constraints it places on dark matter properties. This is followed by an overview of

  24. Non-Detection of Dark Matter Particles: A Case for Alternate Theories of Gravity

    Arun Kenath, C. Sivaram, A. Prasad, et al. · 2020 · Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology · 2 citations

    While there is overwhelming evidence for dark matter (DM) in galaxies and galaxy clusters, all searches for DM particles have so far proved negative. It is not even clear whether only one particle is involved or a combination or particles, their masses not precisely predicted. This non-detectability raises the possible relevance of modified gravity theories – MOND, MONG, etc. Here we consider a specific modification of Newtonian gravity (MONG) which involves gravitational self-energy, leading to modified equations whose solutions imply flat rotation curves and limitations of sizes of clusters. The results are consistent with current observations including that involving large spirals. This m

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