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Research papers on Quantum entanglement

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  2. Photonic entanglement for fundamental tests and quantum communication

    Wolfgang Tittel, Gregor Weihs · 2001 · Quantum Information and Computation · 59 citations

    Entanglement is at the heart of fundamental tests of quantum mechanics like tests of Bell-inequalities and, as discovered lately, of quantum computation and communication. Their technological advance made entangled photons play an outstanding role in entanglement physics. We give a generalized concept of qubit entanglement and review the state of the art of photonics experiments.

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  3. Quantum Entanglement and Its Application in Quantum Communication

    Nanxi Zou · 2021 · Journal of Physics: Conference Series · 57 citations

    Since the concept of quantum entanglement was proposed, quantum entanglement has been paid more and more attention. Especially in recent years, with the interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary development of quantum informatics, the general definition, physical properties and entanglement measurement of quantum entanglement have been comprehensively and deeply studied. Due to its nonlocality, quantum entanglement has been widely used in quantum information, especially in quantum communication. In view of the application status of quantum entanglement in quantum communication, this paper presents a survey of quantum entanglement and its application in quantum communication. In this paper, 230

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  4. Entanglement Routing Design Over Quantum Networks

    Yiming Zeng, Jiarui Zhang, Ji Liu, et al. · 2024 · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking · 42 citations

    Quantum networks have emerged as a future platform for quantum information exchange and applications, with promising capabilities far beyond traditional communication networks. Remote quantum entanglement is an essential component of a quantum network. How to efficiently design a multi-routing entanglement protocol is a fundamental yet challenging problem. In this paper, we study a quantum entanglement routing problem to simultaneously maximize the number of quantum-user pairs and their expected throughput. Our approach is to formulate the problem as two sequential integer programming problems. We propose efficient entanglement routing algorithms for these two optimization problems and analy

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  5. Ultrabright Entanglement Based Quantum Key Distribution over a 404 km Optical Fiber.

    Shi-Chang Zhuang, Bo Li, Ming-Yang Zheng, et al. · 2024 · Physical review letters · 30 citations

    Entangled photons are crucial resources for quantum information processing. Here, we present an ultrabright polarization-entangled photon source based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide designed for practical quantum communication networks. Using a 780 nm pump laser, the source achieves a pair generation rate of 2.4×10^{10}  pairs/s/mW. Remarkably, the entangled photons are bright enough to be detected by a power meter, reaching a power of 17.9 nW under a pump power of 3.2 mW. We demonstrate the practicality of the source by conducting quantum key distribution experiments over long-distance fiber links. Wavelength-division multiplexing was employed to enhance the key generatio

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  6. Quantum entanglement and interference at 3 μm

    Zheng Ge, Zhao-Qi-Zhi Han, Fan Yang, et al. · 2024 · Science Advances · 28 citations

    Given the important advantages of the mid-infrared optical range (2.5 to 25 μm) for biomedical sensing, optical communications, and molecular spectroscopy, extending quantum information technology to this region is highly attractive. However, the development of mid-infrared quantum information technology is still in its infancy. Here, we report on the generation of a time-energy entangled photon pair in the mid-infrared wavelength band. By using frequency upconversion detection technology, we observe the two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and demonstrate the time-energy entanglement between twin photons at 3082 nm via the Franson-type interferometer, verifying the indistinguishability an

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  7. High‐Dimensional Entanglement for Quantum Communication in the Frequency Domain

    Meritxell Cabrejo-Ponce, André Luiz Marques Muniz, Marcus Huber, et al. · 2022 · Laser & Photonics Reviews · 28 citations

    High‐dimensional photonic entanglement is a promising candidate for error‐protected quantum information processing with improved capacity. Encoding high‐dimensional qudits in the carrier frequency of photons combines ease of generation, universal single‐photon gates, and compatibility with fiber transmission for high‐capacity quantum communication. Recent landmark experiments have impressively demonstrated quantum interference of a few frequency modes, yet the certification of massive‐dimensional frequency entanglement has remained an open challenge. This study shows how to harness the large frequency‐entanglement inherent in standard continuous‐wave spontaneous parametric down‐conversion pr

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  8. Optimized Distribution of Entanglement Graph States in Quantum Networks

    Xiaojie Fan, Caitao Zhan, Himanshu Gupta, et al. · 2024 · IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering · 28 citations

    Building large-scale quantum computers, essential to demonstrating quantum advantage, is a key challenge. Quantum networks can help address this challenge by enabling the construction of large, robust, and more capable quantum computing platforms by connecting smaller quantum computers. Moreover, unlike classical systems, quantum networks can enable fully secured long-distance communication. Thus, quantum networks lie at the heart of the success of future quantum information technologies. In quantum networks, multipartite entangled states distributed over the network help implement and support many quantum network applications for communications, sensing, and computing. Our work focuses on d

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  9. Quantum integrated sensing and communication via entanglement

    Yu-Chen Liu, Yuan-Bin Cheng, Xing-bo Pan, et al. · 2024 · Physical Review Applied · 26 citations

    Quantum communication and quantum metrology are widely compelling applications in the field of quantum information science, and quantum remote sensing is an intersection of both. Despite their differences, there are notable commonalities between quantum communication and quantum remote sensing, as they achieve their functionalities through the transmission of quantum states. Here we propose a quantum integrated sensing and communication (QISAC) protocol, which achieves quantum sensing under the Heisenberg limit while simultaneously enabling quantum secure communication through the transmission of entanglements. We have theoretically proven its security against eavesdroppers. The security of

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  11. MULTIPARTITE ENTANGLEMENT UNDER STOCHASTIC LOCAL OPERATIONS AND CLASSICAL COMMUNICATION

    AKIMASA MIYAKE · 2004 · International Journal of Quantum Information · 23 citations

    Stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC), also called local filtering operations, are a convenient, useful set of quantum operations in grasping essential properties of entanglement. We give a quick overview of the characteristics of multipartite entanglement in terms of SLOCC, illustrating the 2-qubit and the rest (2×2×n) quantum system. This not only includes celebrated results of 3-qubit pure states, but also has implications to 2-qubit mixed states.

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  12. Entanglement-Based Quantum Information Technology

    Zheshen Zhang, Chenglong You, O. Magaña-Loaiza, et al. · 2023 · Advances in Optics and Photonics · 17 citations

    Entanglement is a quintessential quantum mechanical phenomenon with no classical equivalent. First discussed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen and formally introduced by Schr\"odinger in 1935, entanglement has grown from a scientific debate to a radically new resource that sparks a technological revolution. This review focuses on the fundamentals and recent advances in entanglement-based quantum information technology (QIT), specifically in photonic systems. Photons are unique quantum information carriers with several advantages, such as their ability to operate at room temperature, their compatibility with existing communication and sensing infrastructures, and the availability of readily ac

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  13. Quantum Stochastic Communication via High-Dimensional Entanglement.

    Chao Zhang, Jia-le Miao, Xiao-Min Hu, et al. · 2025 · Physical review letters · 16 citations

    Entanglement has the ability to enhance the transmission of classical information over a quantum channel. However, fully harvesting this advantage typically requires complex entangling measurements, which are challenging to implement and scale with the system's size. In this Letter, we consider a natural quantum information primitive known as a random access code in which the message to be communicated is selected stochastically. We introduce a protocol that leverages high-dimensional entanglement to perform this task perfectly, without requiring quantum interference between particles at the measurement station. We experimentally demonstrate how this unlocks implementation in the high-dimens

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  14. On the possibility of implementing a quantum entanglement distribution in a biosystem: Microtubules

    S. Shirmovsky · 2024 · Bio Systems · 16 citations

    The paper considers the possibility of implementing a quantum entanglement distribution in the cell microtubule. It has been shown that a quantum entanglement distribution proposed in the paper determines the process of quantum state teleportation through microtubule tryptophan chain. The work shows that the system of tryptophans in a microtubule essentially is a quantum network that consists of: spatially spaced nodes - tryptophans, quantum communication channels connecting tryptophans and qubits transmitted through these communication channels. The connection between the process of quantum teleportation in living nature and its classical analogue is discussed. The quantum protocol establis

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  15. Complexity of Causal Order Structure in Distributed Quantum Information Processing: More Rounds of Classical Communication Reduce Entanglement Cost.

    Eyuri Wakakuwa, A. Soeda, M. Murao · 2018 · Physical review letters · 16 citations

    We prove a trade-off relation between the entanglement cost and classical communication round complexity of a protocol in implementing a class of two-qubit unitary gates by two distant parties, a key subroutine in distributed quantum information processing. The task is analyzed in an information theoretic scenario of asymptotically many input pairs with a small error that is required to vanish sufficiently quickly. The trade-off relation is shown by (i) one ebit of entanglement per pair is necessary for implementing the unitary by any two-round protocol, and (ii) the entanglement cost by a three-round protocol is strictly smaller than one ebit per pair. We also provide an example of bipartit

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  16. Demonstration of 75 km-fiber quantum clock synchronization in quantum entanglement distribution network

    Bang-Ying Tang, Ming Tian, Huan Chen, et al. · 2023 · EPJ Quantum Technology · 16 citations

    The quantum entanglement distribution network, serviced as the communication infrastructure which distributes quantum information among remote users, enables many applications beyond the reach of classical networks. Recently, the applications such as quantum key distribution and quantum secure direct communication, have been successfully demonstrated in the quantum entanglement distribution network. In this article, we propose a multi-user round-trip quantum clock synchronization (QCS) scheme in the quantum network, which can be implemented with one single entangled photon source located at the server. The server distributes the entangled photons to remote multiple users with the wavelength

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  18. Observation of quantum entanglement between free electrons and photons

    J. Henke, Hao Jeng, M. Sivis, et al. · 2025 · 12 citations

    Quantum entanglement is central to both the foundations of quantum mechanics and the development of new technologies in information processing, communication, and sensing. Entanglement has been realised in a variety of physical systems, spanning atoms, ions, photons, collective excitations, and hybrid combinations of particles. Remarkably, however, photons and free electrons -- the quanta of light and their most elementary sources -- have never been observed in an entangled state. Here, we demonstrate quantum entanglement between free electrons and photons. We show that entanglement is produced when an electron, prepared in a superposition of two beams, passes a nanostructure and generates t

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  19. Entanglement cost of discriminating quantum states under locality constraints

    Chenghong Zhu, Chengkai Zhu, Zhiping Liu, et al. · 2024 · 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) · 12 citations

    The unique features of entanglement and non-locality in quantum systems, where there are pairs of bipartite states perfectly distinguishable by general entangled measure-ments yet indistinguishable by local operations and classical communication, hold significant importance in quantum entanglement theory, distributed quantum information processing, and quantum data hiding. This paper delves into the entanglement cost for discriminating two quantum states, employing positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) with positive partial trans-pose (PPT) to achieve optimal success probability through general entangled measurements. First, we introduce an efficiently com-putable quantity called the spe

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  20. Repeater-Based Quantum Communication Protocol: Maximizing Teleportation Fidelity with Minimal Entanglement.

    Arkaprabha Ghosal, Jatin Ghai, Tanmay Saha, et al. · 2024 · Physical review letters · 10 citations

    Transmitting unknown quantum states to distant locations is crucial for distributed quantum information protocols. The seminal quantum teleportation scheme achieves this feat while requiring prior maximal entanglement between the sender and receiver. In scenarios with noisy entangled states, optimal teleportation fidelity characterizes the efficacy of transmitting the state, demanding the proper selection of local operations at the sender's and receiver's ends. The complexity escalates further in long-range communication setups, prompting the consideration of a repeater-based approach, which incorporates arrays of nodes with multiple segments to facilitate the efficient transmission of quant

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  21. Quantum teleportation in higher dimension and entanglement distribution via quantum switches

    Indrakshi Dey, Nicola Marchetti · 2025 · IET Quantum Commun. · 8 citations

    High‐dimensional quantum states, or ‘qudits’, provide significant advantages over traditional qubits in quantum communication, such as increased information capacity, enhanced noise resilience, and reduced information loss. Despite these benefits, their implementation has been constrained by challenges in generation, transmission, and detection. This paper presents a novel theoretical framework for transmitting quantum information using qudit entanglement distribution over a superposition of causal orders in two quantum channels. Using this model, a quantum switch operation for 2‐qudit systems is introduced, which facilitates enhanced fidelity of entanglement distribution and quantum telepor

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  22. Harnessing Quantum Entanglement: Comprehensive Strategies for Enhanced Communication and Beyond in Quantum Networks

    A. Bhuyan, H. Dutta · 2024 · ArXiv · 6 citations

    Quantum communication represents a revolutionary advancement over classical information theory, which leverages unique quantum mechanics properties like entanglement to achieve unprecedented capabilities in secure and efficient information transmission. Unlike bits in classical communication, quantum communication utilizes qubits in superposition states, allowing for novel information storage and processing. Entanglement, a key quantum phenomenon, enables advanced protocols with enhanced security and processing power. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of quantum communication, emphasizing the role of entanglement in theoretical foundations, practical protocols, experimental progre

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  23. The Rise of Quantum Information and Communication Technologies

    Antonio Manzalini, Luigi Artusio · 2024 · Quantum Reports · 6 citations

    Today, we are already using several-component devices and systems based on the technologies developed during the first quantum revolution. Examples include microchips for servers, laptops and smartphones, medical imaging devices, LED, lasers, etc. Now, a second quantum revolution is progressing fast, exploiting technological advances for the ability to engineer and manipulate other quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement and measurement. As a matter of fact, there is an impressive increase in research and development activities, innovation, public and private investments in a new wave of quantum services and applications. In this scenario, quantum information and communication

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