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Research papers on The microbiome and immunity

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  2. Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

    Danping Zheng, Timur Liwinski, Eran Elinav · 2020 · Cell Research · 3,999 citations

    The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host's innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and dise

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  3. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

    Daniela Parada Venegas, Marjorie K. De la Fuente, Glauben Landskron, et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in Immunology · 3,836 citations

    Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), collectively known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), are caused by a complex interplay between genetic, immunologic, microbial and environmental factors. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is increasingly considered to be causatively related to IBD and is strongly affected by components of a Western life style. Bacteria that ferment fibers and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are typically reduced in mucosa and feces of patients with IBD, as compared to healthy individuals. SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate and butyrate, are important metabolites in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Several studies have indeed shown that fecal SCFA

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  5. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

    Willem M. de Vos, Herbert Tilg, Matthias Van Hul, et al. · 2022 · Gut · 2,400 citations

    The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types of crosstalk with our organs. Because of the development of molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), the complex interactions occurring between the host and the different microorganisms are progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, gut microbiota deviations are linked with many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs) and several types of cancer. Thus, suggesting that various pathways involved i

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  10. Interaction between the gut microbiome and mucosal immune system

    Na Shi, Na Li, Xinwang Duan, et al. · 2017 · Military Medical Research · 962 citations

    The gut microbiota, the largest symbiotic ecosystem with the host, has been shown to play important roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is caused by the imbalance between the commensal and pathogenic microbiomes. The commensal microbiome regulates the maturation of the mucosal immune system, while the pathogenic microbiome causes immunity dysfunction, resulting in disease development. The gut mucosal immune system, which consists of lymph nodes, lamina propria and epithelial cells, constitutes a protective barrier for the integrity of the intestinal tract. The composition of the gut microbiota is under the surveillance of the normal mucosal immune sys

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  15. The gut microbiome and the immune system

    Tenzin Choden, Nathaniel Aviv Cohen · 2022 · Exploration of Medicine · 31 citations

    The human body contains trillions of microbes which generally live in symbiosis with the host. The interaction of the gut microbiome with elements of the host immune system has far-reaching effects in the development of normal gut and systemic immune responses. Disturbances to this intricate relationship may be responsible for a multitude of gastrointestinal and systemic immune mediated diseases. This review describes the development of the gut microbiome and its interaction with host immune cells in both health and disease states.

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  17. Harmony Within: Unravelling the Microbiome–Immune System Symbiosis for Health

    Anuupama Suchiita, Navya Gupta, Kajal Nandi, et al. · 2025 · Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research · 13 citations

    The microbiome, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms within the human body, interacts intricately with the immune system to maintain health and prevent disease. This dynamic partnership influences immune system development, inflammation regulation, metabolic health, and neurological well‐being, while disruptions, termed dysbiosis, have been linked to autoimmune disorders, chronic diseases, and mental health issues. This review highlights the microbiome’s role in educating the immune system, modulating responses, and supporting physical barriers, while addressing key research advances, such as microbial metabolites in immune regulation and the microbiome’s impact on cancer immunotherapy. Eme

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  19. Bidirectional regulation of the gut microbiome-immune axis in the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and targeted interventions

    Xin-Xin Liu, Bing Yang, Dong-Xin Tang · 2025 · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · 5 citations

    The initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are profoundly influenced by the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system, underscoring the clinical importance of exploring the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of the microbiota-immune axis within the CRC immune microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiota play a vital role in modulating the host’s immune responses, while the immune system, in turn, can reciprocally regulate the structure and function of the microbiota. Despite significant insights into the role of the microbiota-immune axis in CRC progression, several critical questions

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  20. The Gut Microbiome: A Key Player in Immune System Regulation and Disease Prevention

    Xiaoming Liu, Meiling Chen, Wei Zhou · 2024 · Medicine Insights · 1 citations

    The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical component in regulating the immune system and maintaining overall health. This review examines the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and the immune system, highlighting the mechanisms through which gut microbes influence immune responses and disease prevention. Additionally, the review explores the impact of diet, antibiotics, and probiotics on the gut microbiome and its subsequent effects on immune health. Understanding these interactions provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating immune-related diseases.

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  21. Abstract 1490: Novel microbiome-derived peptides activate the host innate immune system by regulation of TLR signaling

    Dhwani Haria, Helena Kiefel, Yuliya Katlinskaya, et al. · 2019 · Cancer Research · 1 citations

    Abstract The gut microbiome is a key contributor to the maintenance of host physiology. At the same time, increasing evidence implicates microbiome dysbiosis as a key determinant of numerous metabolic and inflammatory disorders. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to understand the interactions between the host and gut microbiota. Second Genome has developed a proprietary, bioinformatics-driven discovery platform to identify novel microbiome-derived peptides with the potential to modulate host immune responses. We have leveraged this platform to evaluate immunomodulatory functions of novel, secreted peptides derived from gut-resident bacterial species Bifidobacterium

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  22. Effect Of Gut Microbiome On Immune Regulation Of Central Nervous System (CNS) In EAE Mouse Model

    Mohammed Moser Alenzi, Abdullataif Aaiedh Alhajlah, Nasser Ali Alasmari, et al. · 2022 · Effect Of Gut Microbiome On Immune Regulation Of Central Nervous System (CNS) In EAE Mouse Model

    The gut microbiome plays a crucial role regulating immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). This study investigates the effect of the gut microbiome on immune regulation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis. Using high-throughput sequencing techniques, we analyzed the composition of the gut microbiome in EAE mice and its impact on immune responses in the CNS. Our results demonstrate that alterations in the gut microbiome composition are associated with changes in the immune regulation of the CNS in EAE mice. These findings highlight the importance of the gut-brain axis in regulating immune responses in neuroinflammato

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  24. E-101 UPR in coordinated regulation of microbiome and anti-tumor immunity

    Ze'ev Ronai · 2019 · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

    RNF5 is a ubiquitin ligase implicated in the control of ER stress and ER associated degradation, part of the greater Unfolded Protein Response. RNF5 mutant mice were found to limit tumor growth, of both melanoma and colon cancer models, owing to enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Enhanced TLR signaling resulted in enhanced infiltration of CD4/8+ T cells as well as Dendritic cells to the tumors grown in RNF5 mutant mice. Cross of RNF5 mutant with MYD88 KO or use of neutralizing antibodies against CD4/8+ T cells effectively attenuated anti-tumor immunity and tumor inhibition phenotypes. Coincided with the enhanced anti-tumor immunity was reduced UPR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells of RNF5

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