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Research papers on Ocean acidification

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  1. Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

    Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg, Peter J. Mumby, Anthony J. Hooten, et al. · 2007 · Science · 5,946 citations

    Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2 degrees C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs incr

  3. Ocean Acidification: The Other CO<sub>2</sub>Problem

    Scott C. Doney, Victoria J. Fabry, Richard A. Feely, et al. · 2008 · Annual Review of Marine Science · 4,248 citations

    Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion, reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The process of ocean acidification is well documented in field data, and the rate will accelerate over this century unless future CO2 emissions are curbed dramatically. Acidification alters seawater chemical speciation and biogeochemical cycles of many elements and compounds. One well-known effect is the lowering of calcium carbonate saturation states, which impacts shell-forming marine organisms from plankton to benthic molluscs, echinoderms, and corals. Many calcifying species exhibit reduced calcification and growth rates in la

  4. Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems

    Scott C. Doney, Mary Ruckelshaus, J. Emmett Duffy, et al. · 2011 · Annual Review of Marine Science · 3,009 citations

    In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and ocean acidification, with potentially wide-ranging biological effects. Population-level shifts are occurring because of physiological intolerance to new environments, altered dispersal patterns, and changes in species interactions. Together with local climate-driven invasion and extinction, these processes result in altered community structure and diversity, including possible emergence of novel ecosystems. Impacts are particularly striking for the poles and the tropics, because of the sensitivity of polar ecosy

  5. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes

    Victoria J. Fabry, Brad A. Seibel, Richard A. Feely, et al. · 2008 · ICES Journal of Marine Science · 2,094 citations

    Abstract Fabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., and Orr, J. C. 2008. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 414–432. Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is altering the seawater chemistry of the world’s oceans with consequences for marine biota. Elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is causing the calcium carbonate saturation horizon to shoal in many regions, particularly in high latitudes and regions that intersect with pronounced hypoxic zones. The ability of marine animals, most importantly pteropod molluscs, foraminifera, and some benthic invertebrates, to produce calcareous skeletal structures

  6. Meta‐analysis reveals negative yet variable effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms

    Kristy J. Kroeker, Rebecca L. Kordas, Ryan Crim, et al. · 2010 · Ecology Letters · 1,653 citations

    Ocean acidification is a pervasive stressor that could affect many marine organisms and cause profound ecological shifts. A variety of biological responses to ocean acidification have been measured across a range of taxa, but this information exists as case studies and has not been synthesized into meaningful comparisons amongst response variables and functional groups. We used meta-analytic techniques to explore the biological responses to ocean acidification, and found negative effects on survival, calcification, growth and reproduction. However, there was significant variation in the sensitivity of marine organisms. Calcifying organisms generally exhibited larger negative responses than n

  8. Ocean Acidification and Its Potential Effects on Marine Ecosystems

    John Guinotte, Victoria J. Fabry · 2008 · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 707 citations

    Ocean acidification is rapidly changing the carbonate system of the world oceans. Past mass extinction events have been linked to ocean acidification, and the current rate of change in seawater chemistry is unprecedented. Evidence suggests that these changes will have significant consequences for marine taxa, particularly those that build skeletons, shells, and tests of biogenic calcium carbonate. Potential changes in species distributions and abundances could propagate through multiple trophic levels of marine food webs, though research into the long-term ecosystem impacts of ocean acidification is in its infancy. This review attempts to provide a general synthesis of known and/or hypothesi

  9. The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

    Scott C. Doney, D. Shallin Busch, Sarah Cooley, et al. · 2020 · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · 690 citations

    Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture and land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO 2 and inorganic carbon levels; reductions in pH; and alterations in acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, and surface open-ocean waters. On the basis of laboratory experiments and field studies of naturally elevated CO 2 marine environments, widespread biological impacts of human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging from changes in organism physiology and population dynamics to altered communities and ecosystems. Acidification, in conjunction with other climate change–related environ

  10. The Effect of Ocean Acidification on Calcifying Organisms in Marine Ecosystems: An Organism-to-Ecosystem Perspective

    Gretchen E. Hofmann, James Barry, Peter J. Edmunds, et al. · 2010 · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · 545 citations

    Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, poses a serious threat to marine organisms in tropical, open-ocean, coastal, deep-sea, and high-latitude sea ecosystems. The diversity of taxonomic groups that precipitate calcium carbonate from seawater are at particularly high risk. Here we review the rapidly expanding literature concerning the biological and ecological impacts of OA on calcification, using a cross-scale, process-oriented approach. In comparison to calcification, we find that areas such as fertilization, early life-history stages, and interaction with synergistic stressors are understudied. Although understanding the long-term consequences o

  11. Divergent ecosystem responses within a benthic marine community to ocean acidification

    Kristy J. Kroeker, Fiorenza Micheli, María Cristina Gambi, et al. · 2011 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 361 citations

    Ocean acidification is predicted to impact all areas of the oceans and affect a diversity of marine organisms. However, the diversity of responses among species prevents clear predictions about the impact of acidification at the ecosystem level. Here, we used shallow water CO(2) vents in the Mediterranean Sea as a model system to examine emergent ecosystem responses to ocean acidification in rocky reef communities. We assessed in situ benthic invertebrate communities in three distinct pH zones (ambient, low, and extreme low), which differed in both the mean and variability of seawater pH along a continuous gradient. We found fewer taxa, reduced taxonomic evenness, and lower biomass in the ex

  12. Hypoxia and acidification in ocean ecosystems: coupled dynamics and effects on marine life

    Christopher J. Gobler, Hannes Baumann · 2016 · Biology Letters · 359 citations

    There is increasing recognition that low dissolved oxygen (DO) and low pH conditions co-occur in many coastal and open ocean environments. Within temperate ecosystems, these conditions not only develop seasonally as temperatures rise and metabolic rates accelerate, but can also display strong diurnal variability, especially in shallow systems where photosynthetic rates ameliorate hypoxia and acidification by day. Despite the widespread, global co-occurrence of low pH and low DO and the likelihood that these conditions may negatively impact marine life, very few studies have actually assessed the extent to which the combination of both stressors elicits additive, synergistic or antagonistic e

  17. Impact of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and the Marine Ecosystems in Phillipines

    Amihan Althea · 2023 · International Journal of Natural Sciences · 3 citations

    Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs and the marine ecosystems in phillipines&#x0D; Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library&#x0D; Find

  20. Impacts of global warming on marine ecosystems: Ocean acidification and fish catches

    Liu Ziqi · 2024 · Applied and Computational Engineering · 2 citations

    The temperature of the earth has been increasing since the industrial revolution. In recent years, global warming has become more and more severe, so as to the warmer ocean. This paper focus on the response of the oceans to the global warming in physical, chemical, and biological. Under the current climate of global warming, the oceans play a huge mitigating role as thermal containers. And the oceans are also the largest carbon sink in the world. This leads to a serious pollution, ocean acidification, which may change the physical and chemical processes of the ocean and affect the environment of marine life. In the meantime, we point out that the nature internal variability also has great im

  21. Climate Change and Ocean Acidification: Unraveling the Complex Interactions and Implications for Marine Ecosystems

    Mohammed Samiullah, Roufa Khanum · 2024 · International Journal of Natural Sciences · 1 citations

    Purpose: The study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between ocean acidification and climate change, providing insights into their impacts on marine ecosystems. It seeks to identify sources of greenhouse gases, assess reef vulnerability, and analyze temperature changes' effects on marine biodiversity. Methodology: Quantitative research methods are employed, utilizing data from Bangladesh, the USA, India, and the UK. Dynamic patterns in coral reef health, ocean acidification, greenhouse gas emissions, and marine ecosystem health are assessed between 2019 and 2023. Qualitative analysis supplements the quantitative findings, enhancing understanding of climate change's impacts on m

  22. An in-depth assessment of the long-term effects of global ocean acidification on marine ecosystems

    Ruoshi Zhang · 2024 · Applied and Computational Engineering

    The main goal of this study is to establish the long-term effects that ocean acidification has on the biogeochemical processes that involve carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in marine ecosystems. Even though scientists have learned a lot about how ocean acidification affects marine species as evidenced by a wide body of literature on the subject, there are still a lot of areas that require further investigation. For example, there exists a dearth of academic studies on the long-term effects of ocean acidification. More study needs to be done to establish what the long-term and cumulative effects of acidity are, especially in terms of how well different species can adapt. A research design tha

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