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Research papers on Probiotics and gut health

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  1. Gut microbiome and human health: Exploring how the probiotic genus Lactobacillus modulate immune responses

    Sonakshi Rastogi, Aditi Singh · 2022 · Frontiers in Pharmacology · 328 citations

    The highest density of microbes resides in human gastrointestinal tract, known as “Gut microbiome”. Of note, the members of the genus Lactobacillus that belong to phyla Firmicutes are the most important probiotic bacteria of the gut microbiome. These gut-residing Lactobacillus species not only communicate with each other but also with the gut epithelial lining to balance the gut barrier integrity, mucosal barrier defence and ameliorate the host immune responses. The human body suffers from several inflammatory diseases affecting the gut, lungs, heart, bone or neural tissues. Mounting evidence supports the significant role of Lactobacillus spp. and their components (such as metabolites, pepti

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  2. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Fermented Foods as Potential Biotics in Nutrition Improving Health via Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis

    Divakar Dahiya, Poonam Singh Nee Nigam · 2022 · Fermentation · 156 citations

    Biological, social, and psychological practices greatly affect the dietary intake of people; as a result, health-related complexities occur. Functional food and supplements have become popular due to their nutraceutical benefits, which make different choices of fermented food and beverages available to people. This review describes the characteristics of probiotics, prebiotics, post- and paraprobiotics, and their role in nutrition and in the sustainability of health. Currently, several synbiotic supplements have attracted consumers in the nutraceutical market to offer a number of health benefits, which are complementary mixtures of selected characterized probiotic cultures and prebiotic subs

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  4. Physical Exercise and the Gut Microbiome: A Bidirectional Relationship Influencing Health and Performance

    Sanish Varghese, Shrinidhi Rao, Aadam M. Khattak, et al. · 2024 · Nutrients · 137 citations

    Background/Objectives: The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that can influence our health and exercise habits. On the other hand, physical exercise can also impact our microbiome, affecting our health. Our narrative review examines the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential for targeted probiotic regimens to enhance sports performance. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review to select articles published up till January 2024 on the topics of physical exercise, sports, probiotics, and gut microbiota from major scientific databases, incorporating over 100 studies. Results: We found that t

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  5. Probiotic supplementation and associated infant gut microbiome and health: a cautionary retrospective clinical comparison

    Candice Quin, Mehrbod Estaki, Deanna M. Vollman, et al. · 2018 · Scientific Reports · 130 citations

    While probiotics are a multi-billion dollar industry, there is little evidence to show that supplementing infants provides any health benefits. We conducted an observational study where 35 of 86 participating mothers self-administered probiotics during breastfeeding, as well as directly to their infants. The primary objective was to determine if probiotic exposure influenced the infants' fecal microbiome while the secondary objective assessed associated changes to the mothers' breast milk immunity and infant health. Analysis of infant fecal microbiome throughout the first 6 months of life revealed that probiotics were associated with higher abundances of Bifidobacterium at week 1 only. Short

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  6. Probiotics in Poultry: Unlocking Productivity Through Microbiome Modulation and Gut Health

    Muhammad Naeem, D.V. Bourassa · 2025 · Microorganisms · 128 citations

    This review explores the role of probiotics in improving productivity and gut health in poultry through microbiome modulation, particularly during early life. Gut health is pivotal to poultry performance, influencing nutrient absorption, immune function, and disease resistance. Early-life interventions target the microbiome to shape long-term health and productivity. Probiotics, live microorganisms providing health benefits, improve gut health through the competitive exclusion of pathogens, immune modulation, antimicrobial compound production, and enhancing gut barrier integrity. Applying probiotics improves growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain, and carcass qualit

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  7. Yeast Probiotics Shape the Gut Microbiome and Improve the Health of Early-Weaned Piglets

    Xu JinQiang, Yuhui Li, Zhiqiang Yang, et al. · 2018 · Frontiers in Microbiology · 89 citations

    Weaning is one of the most stressful challenges in the pig’s life, which contributes to dysfunctions of intestinal and immune system, disrupts the gut microbial ecosystem, and therefore compromises the growth performance and health of piglets. To mitigate the negative impact of the stress on early-weaned piglets, effective measures are needed to promote gut health. Toward this end, we tamed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and developed a probiotic Duan-Nai-An, which is a yeast culture of the tamed Saccharomyces cerevisiae on egg white. In this study, we tested the performance of Duan-Nai-An on growth and health of early-weaned piglets and analyzed its impact on fecal microbiota. The result

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  8. Microbiome-Driven Therapeutics: From Gut Health to Precision Medicine

    M. Yaqub, Aashika Jain, Chinedu Eucharia Joseph, et al. · 2025 · Gastrointestinal Disorders · 76 citations

    The human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms residing in and on the body, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, immune responses, and metabolic functions. In recent years, the rapidly growing field of microbiome-driven therapeutics has garnered significant attention owing to its potential to revolutionize healthcare. This review explores the evolving landscape of microbiome-based therapies, with a particular focus on the gut microbiome and its implications for both gut health and precision medicine. We highlight recent advances in understanding how microbial communities influence disease pathogenesis and treatme

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  9. Understanding how pre- and probiotics affect the gut microbiome and metabolic health

    Patrícia Martins Bock, Andreza Francisco Martins, Beatriz D'Agord Schaan · 2024 · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · 67 citations

    The gut microbiome, a complex assembly of microorganisms, significantly impacts human health by influencing nutrient absorption, the immune system, and disease response. These microorganisms form a dynamic ecosystem that is critical to maintaining overall well-being. Prebiotics and probiotics are pivotal in regulating gut microbiota composition. Prebiotics nourish beneficial bacteria and promote their growth, whereas probiotics help maintain balance within the microbiome. This intricate balance extends to several aspects of health, including maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier, regulating immune responses, and producing metabolites crucial for metabolic health. Dysbiosis, or an imba

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  11. Human Gut Microbiome: A Connecting Organ Between Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health

    Sandra Valencia, Martha Zuluaga, M. Florián-Pérez, et al. · 2025 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 58 citations

    The gut microbiome plays a vital role in human health, functioning as a metabolic organ that influences nutrient absorption and overall well-being. With growing evidence that dietary interventions can modulate the microbiome and improve health, this review examines whether healthcare systems should prioritize personalized microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota transplants, over traditional pharmaceutical treatments for chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and inflammatory conditions. A systematic review using Web of Science and Scopus databases was conducted, followed by a scientometric analysis. Key metabolic pathways, such as

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  13. Rosacea, microbiome and probiotics: the gut-skin axis

    Pedro Sánchez-Pellicer, Cristina Eguren-Michelena, J. García-Gavín, et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Microbiology · 56 citations

    Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease involving diverse symptoms with a variable clinical progress which can severely impact the patient’s quality of life as well as their mental health. The pathophysiological model of rosacea involves an unbalanced immune system predisposed to excessive inflammation, in addition to vascular and nervous alterations, being certain cutaneous microorganisms’ triggers of the symptoms onset. The gut-skin axis explains a bidirectional interaction between skin and gut microbiota in some inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or rosacea. The introduction and consolidation of the next-generation sequencing in recent years has provided unpr

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  14. Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation

    J. Basnet, Manar A. Eissa, Licy L. Yanes Cardozo, et al. · 2024 · Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland) · 47 citations

    The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in human health by influencing various physiological functions through complex interactions with the endocrine system. These interactions involve the production of metabolites, signaling molecules, and direct communication with endocrine cells, which modulate hormone secretion and activity. As a result, the microbiome can exert neuroendocrine effects and contribute to metabolic regulation, adiposity, and appetite control. Additionally, the gut microbiome influences reproductive health by altering levels of sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, potentially contributing to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypogonadism. Given

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  16. Targeted Gut Microbiome Therapy: Applications and Prospects of Probiotics, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Natural Products in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.

    Lu-Qi Qin, Bei Fan, Yixia Zhou, et al. · 2025 · Pharmacological research · 36 citations

    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as one of the most pressing public health challenges worldwide. Studies have shown significant differences in the gut microbiota between healthy individuals and T2DM patients, suggesting that gut microorganisms may play a key role in the onset and progression of T2DM. This review systematically summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and T2DM, and explores the mechanisms through which gut microorganisms may alleviate T2DM. Additionally, it evaluates the potential of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)/virome transplantation (FVT), and natural products in modulating gut microbiota to treat T2DM. Although existing studies

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  17. Synergistic role of prebiotics and probiotics in gut microbiome health: Mechanisms and clinical applications

    T. Kumari, Kshirod Kumar Bag, Amit Baran Das, et al. · 2024 · Food Bioengineering · 32 citations

    Prebiotic and probiotic usage has exploded, with most formulations promoting gastrointestinal and immunological benefits. Prebiotics modulate the gut microbiota, as a result, short‐chain fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. Prebiotics have immunomodulatory properties that reduce inflammation while enhancing immune responses and boosting gut health. The potential of probiotics has shown steady expansion in the digestive system, metabolic balance, and vaginal health. Probiotics offer therapeutic and preventative strategies for a range of human diseases. The in vitro studies suggested the delivery matrix might influence their effects through physicochemical interactions with molecular

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  19. The Bidirectional Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review

    K. Rathore, N. Shukla, Sunil Naik, et al. · 2025 · Cureus · 29 citations

    The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in mental health, influencing mood, cognition, and emotional regulation through the gut-brain axis. This bidirectional communication system connects the gastrointestinal and CNS, facilitated by microbial metabolites, neurotransmitters, and immune interactions. Recent research highlights the association between gut dysbiosis and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, and stress-related conditions. Key findings indicate that altered microbial diversity, decreased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and increased neuroinflammation contribute to mental health disturbances. This paper explores the mechanism linking the gut microbiom

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  20. Deciphering the gut microbiome’s metabolic code: pathways to bone health and novel therapeutic avenues

    Daniel Hwang, Esther Chong, Yan-Xiu Li, et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 28 citations

    The gut microbiome plays an important role in the protection against various systemic diseases. Its metabolic products profoundly influence a wide range of pathophysiological events, including the regulation of bone health. This review discusses the recently established connections between the gut microbiome and bone metabolism, focusing on the impact of microbiome-derived metabolites such as SCFAs, Bile Acids, and tryptophan to the control of bone remodeling and immunoreactions. Recent advances in metagenomics and microbiome profiling have unveiled new exciting therapeutic opportunities, ranging from the use of probiotics, prebiotics, engineered microbes, and to fecal microbiota transplanta

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  22. Revolutionizing gut health: Advances in encapsulation strategies for probiotics and bioactive molecules.

    Andrea Martelli, Yousra Mohamed, Gloria Gallego-Ferrer, et al. · 2025 · Biotechnology advances · 24 citations

    Advancements in biotechnology underscore the critical role of gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease. Probiotic supplementation offers therapeutic potential, particularly for functional gastrointestinal disorders, which affect over 40 % of the global population and impair quality of life. Despite a rapidly growing probiotics market, many formulations suffer from poor efficacy due to challenges such as gastric survival, temperature sensitivity and poor colonization of the gut lining. Encapsulation technologies have emerged as potential solutions, offering protection for probiotics but introducing complexities related to biopolymer coatings and adhesion efficiency. Moreover, reactiv

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