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Research papers on Air pollution and health

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  1. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

    Gregory A. Roth, George A. Mensah, Catherine O. Johnson, et al. · 2020 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 11,562 citations

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent case

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  2. Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

    C. Arden Pope, Douglas W. Dockery · 2006 · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · 6,775 citations

    Efforts to understand and mitigate thehealth effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollutionhave a rich and interesting history. This review focuseson six substantial lines of research that have been pursued since 1997 that have helped elucidate our understanding about the effects of PM on human health. There hasbeen substantial progress in the evaluation of PM health effects at different time-scales of exposure and in the exploration of the shape of the concentration-response function. There has also been emerging evidence of PM-related cardiovascular health effects and growing knowledge regarding interconnected general pathophysiological pathways that link PM exposure with cardiopulmonary

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  3. Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review

    Ioannis Manisalidis, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Agathangelos Stavropoulos, et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Public Health · 5,230 citations

    One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role against ultraviolet irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the

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  5. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases

    Francesca Dominici, Roger D. Peng, Michelle L. Bell, et al. · 2006 · JAMA · 2,694 citations

    CONTEXT: Evidence on the health risks associated with short-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter < or =2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) is limited. Results from the new national monitoring network for PM2.5 make possible systematic research on health risks at national and regional scales. OBJECTIVES: To estimate risks of cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5 for Medicare enrollees and to explore heterogeneity of the variation of risks across regions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A national database comprising daily time-series data daily for 1999 through 2002 on hospital admission rates (constructed fro

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  6. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in 20 U.S. Cities, 1987–1994

    Jonathan M. Samet, Francesca Dominici, Frank C. Curriero, et al. · 2000 · New England Journal of Medicine · 2,194 citations

    BACKGROUND: Air pollution in cities has been linked to increased rates of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. Although these findings have helped lead to a tightening of air-quality standards, their validity with respect to public health has been questioned. METHODS: We assessed the effects of five major outdoor-air pollutants on daily mortality rates in 20 of the largest cities and metropolitan areas in the United States from 1987 to 1994. The pollutants were particulate matter that is less than 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. We used a two-stage analytic approach that pooled data from multipl

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  8. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review

    Gerard Hoek, Ranjini Krishnan, Rob Beelen, et al. · 2013 · Environmental Health · 1,880 citations

    Current day concentrations of ambient air pollution have been associated with a range of adverse health effects, particularly mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies on long-term exposure to fine and coarse particles, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and elemental carbon on mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. We also summarize the findings on potentially susceptible subgroups across studies. We identified studies through a search in the databases Medline and Scopus and previous reviews until January 2013 and performed a meta-analysis if more than five studies

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  11. Expert position paper on air pollution and cardiovascular disease

    David E. Newby, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Grethe S. Tell, et al. · 2014 · European Heart Journal · 1,287 citations

    Air pollution has wide-ranging and deleterious effects on human health and is a major issue for the global community. The Global Burden of Disease study has described the worldwide impact of air pollution with as many as 3.1 million of 52.8 million all-cause and all-age deaths being attributable to ambient air pollution in the year 2010.1 Moreover, ambient air pollution ranked ninth among the modifiable disease risk factors, being listed above other commonly recognized factors, such as low physical activity, a high-sodium diet, high cholesterol, and drug use. Finally, air pollution accounts for 3.1% of global disability-adjusted life years, an index that measures the time spent in states of

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  15. The effects of particulate matter air pollution on respiratory health and on the cardiovascular system

    Zala Pražnikar, Jure Pražnikar · 2012 · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · 27 citations

    The effects of particulate matter air pollution on respiratory health and on the cardiovascular systemParticulate matter (PM) is a major component of urban air pollution and has a significant effect on human health. Natural PM sources are volcanic eruptions, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation and sea spray. Traffic, domestic heating, power plants and various industrial processes generate significant amounts of anthropogenic PM. PM consists of a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles of organic and inorganic substances suspended in the air. The chemical composition of particles is very complex and depends on emission sources, meteorological conditions and their

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  19. Air Pollution and Respiratory Health

    Theodore J Witek, E Neil Schachter · 1983 · Respiratory Care · 1 citations

    Air pollution is frequently incriminated as a risk factor in the development of chronic lung impairment and in the aggravation of existing disease. The federal government has set primary air quality standards to protect public health and secondary standards to protect public welfare (eg, to preserve vegetation and buildings). Much of the debate surrounding the development and evaluation of air standards focuses on the diseases of patients with whom the respiratory care practitioner has daily contact. We review the legislative efforts to protect the public from the effects of air pollution and provide insight into some of the scientific and medical dilemmas involved in this current public hea

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  20. Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health of Traffic Wardens in Lahore

    Muhammad Tahir, Fariha Tariq, Hafiza Wajiha Saeed, et al. · 2023 · The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · 1 citations

    Background: Air pollution is the most serious environmental and health issue in crowded cities. Field workers and professionals who have to perform their duties while remaining in the open air are the most affected ones. Air pollution poses multidimensional threats to health of which respiratory issues are the most serious. Objective: To access the impact of air pollution on the respiratory health of traffic wardens in Lahore. Methods: The duration of this cross-sectional study spanned over six months and was conducted in Lahore. The sample size taken was 184 calculated by the open Epitool. On-duty traffic wardens who had rotations on field sites, aged between 25 to 60 years and with a duty

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