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Research papers on Vaccine hesitancy

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  1. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants

    Noni E. MacDonald · 2015 · Vaccine · 5,545 citations

    The SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy concluded that vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services. Vaccine hesitancy is complex and context specific, varying across time, place and vaccines. It is influenced by factors such as complacency, convenience and confidence. The Working Group retained the term 'vaccine' rather than 'vaccination' hesitancy, although the latter more correctly implies the broader range of immunization concerns, as vaccine hesitancy is the more commonly used term. While high levels of hesitancy lead to low vaccine demand, low levels of hesitancy do not necessarily mean high vaccine demand. T

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  2. Vaccine hesitancy

    Ève Dubé, Caroline Laberge, Maryse Guay, et al. · 2013 · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · 2,176 citations

    Despite being recognized as one of the most successful public health measures, vaccination is perceived as unsafe and unnecessary by a growing number of individuals. Lack of confidence in vaccines is now considered a threat to the success of vaccination programs. Vaccine hesitancy is believed to be responsible for decreasing vaccine coverage and an increasing risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and epidemics. This review provides an overview of the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy. First, we will characterize vaccine hesitancy and suggest the possible causes of the apparent increase in vaccine hesitancy in the developed world. Then we will look at determinants of individual decision

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  3. HPV vaccination in a context of public mistrust and uncertainty: a systematic literature review of determinants of HPV vaccine hesitancy in Europe

    Emilie Karafillakis, Clarissa Simas, Caitlin Jarrett, et al. · 2019 · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · 326 citations

    Europe is increasingly described as the region in the world with the least confidence in vaccination, and particularly in the safety of vaccines. The aim of this systematic literature review was to gather and summarise all peer-reviewed and grey literature published about determinants of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy in Europe. Ten thematic categories were identified across the 103 articles which were included in the review. Participants from European studies most commonly reported issues with the quantity and quality of information available about HPV vaccination; followed by concerns about potential side effects of the vaccine; and mistrust of health authorities, healthcare

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  5. Individual determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

    Philip Gerretsen, Julia Kim, Fernando Caravaggio, et al. · 2021 · PLoS ONE · 205 citations

    BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy is a barrier to achieving herd immunity, and thus, a prominent public health concern. This study aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy based on the World Health Organization's '3Cs' model (i.e., confidence, complacency, and convenience) in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. METHODS: Data from 7678 adults ages 18 or older were collected from the four most populous U.S. States, specifically New York, California, Florida, and Texas, and from English-speaking Canada at three timepoints, in May and July 2020, and March 2021 using a web-based survey (www.covid19-database.com). Sociodemographic info

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  6. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy and effectiveness of vaccination counseling interventions among a sample of the general population in Palermo, Italy

    Claudio Costantino, Francesca Caracci, Mariarosa Brandi, et al. · 2020 · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · 43 citations

    Counteract vaccine hesitancy is a public health priority. Main objectives of the cross-sectional study conducted were to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding vaccination issues, to estimate the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and to estimate the effectiveness of vaccination counseling on community advocacy in a sample of general population. An anonymous validated questionnaire was administered in April 2017 at the main shopping center of Palermo and was followed by tailored vaccination counseling interventions. To estimate the effectiveness of the interventions four main connection parameters to the vaccinarsi.org website were evaluated, in the two months before and after t

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  7. Interventions employed to address vaccine hesitancy among Black populations outside of African and Caribbean countries: a scoping review

    Precious Majekodunmi, Mia Tulli-Shah, Janet Kemei, et al. · 2024 · BMC Public Health · 11 citations

    Black people are disproportionately affected by structural and social determinants of health, resulting in greater risks of exposure to and deaths from COVID-19. Structural and social determinants of health feed vaccine hesitancy and worsen health disparities. This scoping review explored interventions that have been employed to address vaccine hesitancy among Black population outside of African and Caribbean countries. This review provides several strategies for addressing this deep-rooted public health problem. The scoping review followed the five-step framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. It complies with reporting guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews

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  9. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among adolescents and youths aged 10-35 years in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    A. M. Mwiinde, P. Kaonga, Choolwe Jacobs, et al. · 2024 · PLOS ONE · 6 citations

    The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. Vaccination is one of the easily accessible interventions that can help reduce the burden on the health system. However, vaccination coverage remains low in sub-Saharan African countries. The determinants of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among adolescents and youths remain unknown. Therefore, this study explored the pooled prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among adolescents and youths in sub-Saharan African Countries. A systematic literature search of Scopus, PubMed Central, PubMed, Embase, African Journal Online, Research 4 Life, Embase, and Google Sch

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  10. Exploring determinants of vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals: a systematic literature review.

    V. Gabellone, F. Nuccetelli, E. Gabrielli, et al. · 2025 · Expert review of vaccines · 4 citations

    INTRODUCTION This systematic review aims to assess determinants of vaccine hesitancy (VH) among healthcare professionals, to identify knowledge gaps and inform targeted training programs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was conducted in February 2024. PRISMA criteria were applied, and methodological quality was assessed using a cross-sectional study evaluation tool. Studies addressing HCWs' VH determinants, including knowledge, attitudes, communication, and organizational factors, were included. RESULTS Out of 1394 records, 221 articles were included. Reported prevalence of VH among HCWs varied across studies, reflecting differences in professional ro

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  11. COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Hesitancy in the Gaza Strip from a Cross-Sectional Survey in 2023: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associations with Health System Interventions

    Jennifer Majer, J. H. Elhissi, N. Mousa, et al. · 2024 · Vaccines · 4 citations

    Background: Preventing COVID-19 in Gaza is crucial due to the devastation of advanced health services infrastructure by war. Despite the high protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines against severe disease, a 2021 survey in Gaza found only half of the population was vaccinated, and one-third was vaccine-hesitant. This follow-up study conducted in March 2023 aimed to re-evaluate vaccination levels, hesitancy, exposure to vaccine promotion efforts, and other risk factors in Gaza. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey with multistage stratified sampling was used. Associations of primary exposures and other determinants with vaccine status and hesitancy were quantified using bivariate

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  12. Drivers of HPV vaccine hesitancy in New York and Florida.

    K. Brumbaugh, A. de Figueiredo, Frances Gellert, et al. · 2025 · Vaccine · 4 citations

    BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify drivers of HPV vaccine hesitancy and effective public health interventions to increase HPV vaccination rates in two U.S. states (New York and Florida) and 12 counties within each state. The findings provide insights into the impact of demographics, state policies, and vaccine confidence on HPV vaccination. METHODS We utilized a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative analysis of county-level surveys, qualitative interviews, and secondary data on HPV vaccine coverage. Surveys, adapted from the Vaccine Confidence Project (VCP) and the World Health Organization (WHO), assessed HPV vaccine confidence, socio-demographics, and behavioral determinan

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  13. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy and interventions aimed at contrasting this issue in Europe: an overview of systematic reviews.

    Giuseppina Lo Moro, Maria Ferrara, Elisa Langiano, et al. · 2026 · PubMed · 2 citations

    INTRODUCTION: Vaccine hesitancy remains a major public health challenge in Europe, with declining confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy despite high overall acceptance. Evidence on its determinants and effective interventions is fragmented, underscoring the need for a comprehensive synthesis. This overview of systematic reviews aimed to describe the most recent determinants of vaccine acceptance, barriers to vaccination, and effective interventions to reduce hesitancy or increase uptake in Europe. METHODS: The search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos. Reviews were eligible if they included European data. RESULTS: Of 3,363 papers, 88 reviews were included, classified into chi

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  16. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy towards pediatric and adolescent vaccinations and interventions aimed at contrasting that issue in Europe: an overview of systematic reviews

    Alessandro Durbano, Giuseppina Lo Moro, Maria Ferrara, et al. · 2023 · Population Medicine · 1 citations

    Vaccine hesitancy represents a relevant threat to global health. Specifically, vaccine hesitancy has increased in Europe's last two decades. The present overview aimed to describe determinants of vaccine hesitancy and interventions to reduce or increase vaccine uptake among children and adolescents in Europe.

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  17. Associations between demographic factors, clinical variables, social determinants of health, vaccine hesitancy, vaccine behavior, and revaccination status: A survey of adult HCT survivors in the United States.

    Mihkai Wickline, P. Carpenter, Jeffrey R Harris, et al. · 2024 · Transplantation and cellular therapy · 1 citations

    BACKGROUND Comprehensive survivorship care after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) includes revaccination to restore immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). There is complexity to revaccination in this setting, and revaccination rates are sub-optimal. HCT survivors are at high-risk for morbidity and mortality from infections including VPDs, underscoring the importance of interventions to improve revaccination rates among survivors. Determining associations between survivor characteristics and revaccination uptake may guide interventions. OBJECTIVES The overall study objective was to advance our understanding of factors influencing revaccination uptake among adult HCT surviv

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  18. Assessment of the Prevalence and Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan

    Zeeshan Ahmad, S. Wasif, Emily S. Bailey, et al. · 2024 · The Open Public Health Journal · 1 citations

    Global efforts were critical in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, and the World Health Organization declared it no longer a public health emergency of international concern in May 2023. Pakistan faced six waves and used every available resource to combat the pandemic. Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are key to the success of preventative interventions. The goal of this study was to examine KAP through an online study of the general population and to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan. Between October and December 2021, a survey of the public was undertaken in several areas across Pakistan. A questionnaire was

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  19. 3.Y.1. PechaKucha: Vaccine hesitancy in European parents and adolescents: epidemiology, determinants, interventions

    Angelo Maria Pezzullo EUPHA-EPI · 2025 · The European Journal of Public Health

    Abstract   Vaccine hesitancy, defined as the delay in acceptance or outright refusal of vaccines despite their availability, represents a significant public health challenge by undermining immunization efforts and increasing the risk of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate the widespread presence of vaccine hesitancy, particularly among parents and adolescents. For instance, recent data (2022-23) from Europe indicate that 20.8% of adolescents and 20.4% of parents exhibit hesitancy toward vaccination, with key determinants including concerns over vaccine safety, fear of adverse events, and diminished trust in health authorities (Millat-Ma

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  20. Vaccine Hesitancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Determinants and Interventions

    Irakoze Mukamana S. · 2026 · Research Output Journal of Public Health and Medicine

    Vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to achieving optimal immunization coverage in low- and middleincome countries (LMICs), despite the proven effectiveness of vaccines in reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. This meta-synthesis examines the determinants of vaccine hesitancy and evaluates evidence-based interventions aimed at improving vaccine acceptance in LMIC settings. The review draws on studies published between 2011 and 2021 and identifies multi-level factors influencing vaccination decisions, including individual beliefs, sociocultural norms, health system constraints, structural barriers, and misinformation within the information environment.

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  21. Rural Vaccine Hesitancy: Key Determinants and Interventions to Improve Vaccine Uptake

    Randon Kanchanakomtorn, Raghuveer Vedala, Krishna Vedala · 2026 · Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health

    While vaccines have been developed to provide protection against many threatening diseases, they are not yet universally accepted.Many individuals opt out of receiving vaccination, with lower vaccination rates often found in rural areas compared to urban areas.Vaccine hesitancy is a leading factor for not obtaining vaccinations.Risk determinants and barriers associated with vaccine hesitancy, along with intervention strategies to address these challenges, have been identified.

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  22. THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF VACCINE HESITANCY: A REVIEW OF GLOBAL EVIDENCE

    Weronika Skoczek, Julia Janecka, Michał Hofman, et al. · 2025 · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science

    This review examines the social determinants that influence vaccine hesitancy and immunization rates globally. Key factors, including income, education, ethnicity, place of residence, and access to healthcare, are examined to highlight ongoing disparities in vaccine uptake. Vaccine reluctance remains most common among marginalized racial and ethnic groups, low-income communities, migrants, and individuals with limited education. However, recent data reveal a concerning rise in hesitancy among affluent and White populations in high-income countries. Additional influences, such as mistrust in health authorities, insufficient culturally sensitive care, and religious beliefs, further exacerbate

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  23. Social Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy: Implications for Immunization Programmes

    Xin-Dong Chang · 2025 · Journal of the European Academy Open University

    Vaccination remains one of the most successful public health interventions, yet vaccine hesitancy continues to threaten progress toward universal immunization. While early work on vaccine hesitancy focused on individual attitudes, a growing body of research highlights the central role of social determinants of health in shaping vaccination decisions. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on how socioeconomic position, education, health system access, cultural and political context, and the contemporary information environment interact to produce heterogeneous patterns of vaccine hesitancy and uptake. Building on widely used conceptual frameworks of hesitancy, the review emphasize

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  24. DETERMINANTS OF COVID-19 VACCINE HESITANCY IN PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: FINDINGS FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY USING THE 5C MODEL

    M. Prilutskaya, Almas Kussainov, G. Altybayeva, et al. · 2025 · Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics

    Background: People who use drugs (PWUD) represent a socially vulnerable population with increased risks for infectious diseases and often demonstrate lower levels of vaccine uptake. Understanding psychological and social determinants of COVID-19 vaccination in this group is essential for designing targeted interventions. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with unwillingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among PWUD in Kazakhstan, using the 5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination model. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PWUD attending addiction treatment facilities. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic character

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